Chapter 7

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estuary

An area is which freshwater from a river mixes with salt water from the ocean.

nekton

Aquatic organism that are free-swimming.

decompser

Aquatic organisms that break down dead organisms.

benthos

Aquatic organisms that dwell at the bottom of the water.

Plankton

Aquatic organisms that float near the surface of the water.

Plankton

Base of marine food web

bethos

Bottom-dwelling organisms.

Plankton: organisms that float near the surface Nekton: free swimming organisms Benthos: bottom dwelling organisms

Describe plankton, nekton, and benthos

As the amount of plant life grows, the bacteria feeding on dead matter grows. There becomes a low amount of oxygen and fish and other living organisms begin to die. Eutrophication is accelerated by runoff

Describe the process of eutrophication.

Salt marshes

Develop in estuaries where rivers deposit their load of mineral-rich mud.

swamps

Dominated by woody plants like tree and shrubs.

Coral reef

Ecosystem found in shallow, tropical seas

the rives and oceans

Estuaries are very productive ecosystems because they receive fresh nutrients from

temp., salinity, nutrients, sunlight, oxygen

Factor that determines where aquatic organisms live.

Nekton

Free-swimming organisms.

pond, lake, river, wetland

Freshwater ecosystem.

zooplankton, phytoplankton

Give 2 examples of plankton

Barnacles, crabs, worms, mussels

Give 3 examples of benthos organisms

Whales, fish, turtles, shrimp, jellyfish

Give 3 examples of nekton organisms

The secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny organisms

How are coral reefs formed?

coral reefs

Limestone ridges built by tiny coral animals called coral polyps.

-covered w/water at least part of the year - clean pollutants -help prevent flooding - have plentiful nutrients - can be salt or fresh water

List 3 characteristics of wetlands

1. Littoral- near the shore; aquatic life is abundant 2. Limnetic- area away from the shore; middle of a lake or a pond. contains plankton 3. Benthic- the bottom of a lake or pond; consists mainly of detritis

List and describe the three zones of lakes and ponds.

boating (poor driving), oil spills, runoff

List three threats to coral reefs

coral reef, estuary, salt marsh, ocean, mangrove swamp

Marine ecosystem.

Open Ocean

Marine ecosystems considered not productive

zooplankton

Microscopic animals.

phytoplankton

Microscopic plants.

plankton

Most of the food for an aquatic ecosystem is produced by

Barnacles

Organisms that anchors itself to grasses and rocks

salinity and water level

Organisms that live in estuaries must adapt to changes in

Runoff

Potential threat to an estuary

barrier islands

Run parallel to the shore and help protect the mainland and wetlands.

coastal areas and shorelines; Salt marshes: Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast; Mangrove swamps: tropical & subtropical zones

Salt marshes and mangrove swamps are found where?

flat, poorly drained land near streams

Swamps are commonly found where?

mangrove swamps

Swamps located along coastal areas of tropical and subtropical zones.

salinity

The amount of dissolved salts the water contains.

the amount of sunlight and nutrients

The arrangement of organisms in the open ocean is determined by the

Open ocean

The least productive marine ecosystem is

shallow, coastal waters

The majority of marine organisms are found in

temperature, sunlight, and nutrients

The types of organisms found in a pond or a lake depend on

marshes

Wetland that contains non-woody plants.

marshes & swamps

What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?

industrial waste sewage

What causes most river pollution?

salt marshes

Which ecosystem has the highest level of salinity: salt marshes or brackish marsh?

not enough sunlight gets there. It only gets 100m

Why doesn't photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water?


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