Chapter 7 History Practice Test

ID: a competent Continental officer who became disillusioned with the American cause despite a key role in several American military successes, went over to the British side and ended up fighting rebels in Virginia.

Benedict Arnold

ID: through astute diplomacy, both won an ally for America and negotiated the treaty that gave Americans their independence

Benjamin Franklin

Which statement about the regulars of the Continental Army is true?

In social composition and military tactics, the American army came to resemble the British army.

The chapter introduction tells the story of the Battle of Bunker Hill to make the point that...

a key question in that battle and throughout the war was whether Americans would really fight to win their independence.

The ranks of loyalists included

a large number of recent emigrants from the British Isles.

George Washington's victory at Yorktown came as a joint achievement of the Continental Army and

a. the French army. b. the French navy. c. militia from the area. d. All these answers are correct. Answer is D

For the southern backcountry, the Revolutionary War meant

bitter, bloody, partisan civil war.

George Washington's desire to create a professional military establishment was undermined by what at first?

by the republican fear of standing armies.

How did Spinning bees and dressing down in homespun affect the rich and poor and resistance mentality?

contributed to the solidarity of resistance by displaying fewer differences in appearance between rich and poor.

What was the role of African Americans in the revolution?

As the war dragged on, blacks—especially northern free blacks—were increasingly welcome to enlist.

"Saratoga changed everything," says your text, referring to which of the following?

Britain's defeat led to a treaty of alliance with France, opening a new phase of the war

Despite great triumphs on the battlefield and at the diplomatic bargaining table, the Continental Army suffered at Valley Forge because...

Congress and the civilians responsible for providing for the Army were disorganized and corrupt

Which of these was NOT among the actions taken by the Continental Congress, before the Declaration of Independence, that seemed to be the actions of an independent government?

Did not deal with Canada they did... draft the "Olive Branch Petition" create of a Continental Army open American trade to other nations

The Declaration of Independence based the case for independence on...

George III's infringements on American liberty

As written by Jefferson, the ________ both justified why Americans no longer considered themselves English and denied England any authority in the colonies.

Declaration of Independence

When the ________ shifted from secret aid to outright alliance with the Americans, the British declared war.\

French

Americans called them "tories," but they called themselves ________.

Loyalists

After evacuating Boston, the British army took the initiative, launching a successful assault on

New York City.

The slave revolts so dreaded by southern whites never materialized during the fight in the South. Which of the following is a possible reason this was the case?

The British encouraged escape and enlistment in the British army instead of an uprising against their masters. Mainland British did not support this slave recruitment (which led to the unfulfillment of British promises)

The "________" was an appeal from the Second Continental Congress affirming American loyalty to King George III.

Olive Branch Petition

Americans won a decisive victory at ________ that not only repulsed an invasion from Canada, but changed the whole strategic picture of the war.

Saratoga

British strategy changed several times: First they sought to show force in New England, then take cities in the middle colonies, then finally regain their colonies in the ________ by drawing on American supporters.

South

The final and decisive American victory was the surrender of the British force trapped at ________.

Yorktown

Which of the following does NOT describe the American relationship with the French?

The French DID NOT offer an overt alliance in hopes they could regain their lost North American possessions. THE FRENCH DID provide secret aid as a way to gain revenge against the British. The Americans sought French aid despite unsettling memories of recent fighting against them. The Americans negotiated a treaty with the British, then persuaded their French allies to go along.

During the Revolutionary War, clothes sewn from domestic textiles were considered what?

a badge of opposition to British colonial policy.

Which is the best statement of why the British signed the peace treaty granting American independence?

The timing of the occasional American victories led to a global situation where the British needed to salvage the rest of their empire by cutting their American losses. America also told the British a generous peace treaty and compensation could weaken their alliance to the French

Which of the following best explains why the French fought against Britain in the American Revolution?

They feared that the Americans would reconcile with Britain, their historic enemy.

Among the following, which was NOT a key mistake made by British leadership in carrying out the war in America?

They formed large regiments of escaped slaves. (noooottt)

What was the most dominant common characteristic among the diverse group of people who remained loyal to Britain?

They were fearful of divisions and instability within American society.

The Continental Army gained a key victory over the British at ________, which demonstrated its ability as a fighting force and won support for its cause in the region.

Trenton

The text suggests that a fundamental question at the outset of the Revolution was, "Will they fight?" Different individuals answered this in different ways. Which of the following does NOT accurately state one of the responses?

True: Northern Anglicans and recent emigrants from the British Isles tended to remain loyal to the British. The war to protect liberty and property was, ironically, waged by those classes of Americans who were poor and least free. In the latter part of the war, the brutal civil war between loyalist and rebel bands raged across the South. False: Most middle-class American revolutionaries preferred to join the Continental Army rather than merely become part of their local militias.

During the first year of the Revolution, American war aims shifted from a desire for redress of grievances to a demand for complete independence. All of the following influenced this shift, EXCEPT

Washington's refusal to command the Continental Army until independence was declared.

In the end, what is the best answer to this question posed by the British: Would Americans fight for freedom?

Yes, but only on their own terms.

At first, the bulk of the Continental Army was recruited from the ________, but eventually most Continental soldiers were ________.

militias; drawn from the poorest and least free

In the war for independence, most Native Americans were what?

pressed by the eurpoeans to become allies

The first, briefer section of the Declaration of Independence dealt with ________, while the second included ________.

the general right of revolution based on natural rights; the specific offenses of King George III by which England forfeited its right to rule Americans

What were some reasons American war aims shifted from a desire for redress of grievances to a demand for complete independence.?

the impact of Tom Paine's Common Sense. congressional actions that would be appropriate only to an independent government. British actions to crush American resistance by force.

The initial fighting in the war occurred in New England; most engagements in the two years after the Declaration of Independence took place in ________; and the conflict in the later war years raged across ________.

the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the Carolinas and Virginia "southern mentality/strategy"

The British shifted to a southern strategy after 1778 because...

they felt they could exploit loyalist support.

During the Revolutionary War, slaves sought freedom from where?

whichever side seemed more likely to grant it