Chapter 7: Intro to the Skeletal System (A&P Lab)
Epiphysis
Ends of long bones
Periosteum
A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane.
Perforating (Volkmanns) canals
Canal that lies perpendicular to the osteons and carry blood vessels into the bone from the periosteum.
Osteoblast
Bone-forming cells.
Short Bone
Bones that are as long as they are wide (Wrist and ankle)
Flat Bone
Bones that are flat (Clavical, ribs, sternum, skull bones, pelvic bones)
Long Bone
Bones that are longer than they are wide (Upper and lower extremities)
Irregular Bone
Bones whose shapes don't fit those of long, short, or flat bones. Typically include the bones of the vertebrae and certain bones of the skull. (Mandible)
Osteoclast
Break down bone by secreting enzymes
Lamellae
Concentric rings of the bone matrix that give the bone strength
Epiphyseal Plate
Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies
Medullary Cavity
Hallow cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow.
Endosteum
Membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
Sesamoid Bone
Roughly oval-shaped bones located within tendons (Patella)
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bones
Sutural Bone
Small bones located between the flat bones of the skull
Lacunae
Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Stem cells for osteoblasts and osteocytes
Bone Deposition
The addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
Bone resorption
The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development, maintenance, and repair of bone tissue
Trabeculae
The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called...
Perforating (Sharpey) Fibers
What are the collagen fibers called that anchor the periosteum to the bone?
Canaliculi
What cell surface extension allows osteocytes in the lacunae to "talk" to each other?
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What is found in the endosteum?
Central (Haversian) Canal
What is the name of the opening in the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels and nerves?
Osseous, epithelial, dense irregular, adipose
What type of tissues make up bone?
Spongy (cancellous) Bone
~Forms a network of hard beams called trabeculae ~Houses red bone marrow ~ Contains lamellae that AREN'T arranged into osteons
Compact (Cortical) Bone
~Hard, dense bone tissue composed of osteons ~ Deep to the periosteum
Calcium Ions
~Inorganic component of bone ~Gives bone compressional strength
Collagen fibers
~Organic component of bone ~Gives bone the tensile strength to withstand twisting forces