Chapter 7: Intro to the Skeletal System (A&P Lab)

Epiphysis

Ends of long bones

Periosteum

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane.

Perforating (Volkmanns) canals

Canal that lies perpendicular to the osteons and carry blood vessels into the bone from the periosteum.

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cells.

Short Bone

Bones that are as long as they are wide (Wrist and ankle)

Flat Bone

Bones that are flat (Clavical, ribs, sternum, skull bones, pelvic bones)

Long Bone

Bones that are longer than they are wide (Upper and lower extremities)

Irregular Bone

Bones whose shapes don't fit those of long, short, or flat bones. Typically include the bones of the vertebrae and certain bones of the skull. (Mandible)

Osteoclast

Break down bone by secreting enzymes

Lamellae

Concentric rings of the bone matrix that give the bone strength

Epiphyseal Plate

Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies

Medullary Cavity

Hallow cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow.

Endosteum

Membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone

Sesamoid Bone

Roughly oval-shaped bones located within tendons (Patella)

Diaphysis

Shaft of long bones

Sutural Bone

Small bones located between the flat bones of the skull

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

Osteogenic cells

Stem cells for osteoblasts and osteocytes

Bone Deposition

The addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

Bone resorption

The breakdown of bone extracellular matrix by osteoclasts that is part of the normal development, maintenance, and repair of bone tissue

Trabeculae

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called...

Perforating (Sharpey) Fibers

What are the collagen fibers called that anchor the periosteum to the bone?

Canaliculi

What cell surface extension allows osteocytes in the lacunae to "talk" to each other?

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

What is found in the endosteum?

Central (Haversian) Canal

What is the name of the opening in the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels and nerves?

Osseous, epithelial, dense irregular, adipose

What type of tissues make up bone?

Spongy (cancellous) Bone

~Forms a network of hard beams called trabeculae ~Houses red bone marrow ~ Contains lamellae that AREN'T arranged into osteons

Compact (Cortical) Bone

~Hard, dense bone tissue composed of osteons ~ Deep to the periosteum

Calcium Ions

~Inorganic component of bone ~Gives bone compressional strength

Collagen fibers

~Organic component of bone ~Gives bone the tensile strength to withstand twisting forces