Chapter 7: Love and Romantic Relationships

In her study of hooking up, defined as a ______ sexual or romantic encounter in which the participants are not explicitly _____ or exclusive, Lisa Wade found that the tendency to engage in these types of relationships is influenced by the ____

- Casual -Committed -Culture

William and Mary, now celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary, enjoyed telling the story of their love to their children and grandchildren. They had met as teenagers but were not immediately interested in one another. William was dating a friend of Mary's and had initially offered the friend a promise ring. When she broke up with him, he asked Mary out on the spur of the moment. However, they were a perfect fit and were soon in love. And despite her family's objections to the match, he spent all of the money he had to buy her an engagement ring, and they were soon wed.

- Fiftieth wedding anniversary - A perfect fit - Her family's objections to the match

Identify how wearing high heels and foot binding are similar.

-Both practices cause physical harm to women's feet. -Both practices originated as a way to make women attractive to men. -Both practices are directly enforced by women's choices.

Identify how wearing high heels reinforces women "doing gender."

-High heels accentuate women's relative lack of physical strength. -High heels accentuate physical differences between men and women.

Identify the true and false statements about utilitarian love.

-It depends upon open communication. -It is based on rational calculations in addition to emotion.

Identify each scenario as either more likely to happen during a hookup or a date.

-Lynelle and Amy have sex. -Jamie and Francis drink alcohol together.

Label this figure according to the number of hookups reported by different percentages of college students.

10 or more hookups -- 13% no hookups -- 38% 1 - 3 hookups -- 26%

Match each group to the dating scenario it best fits.

-go on about three dates a week with various men, which is socially acceptable -- 1950s women entering college -use the term "game" to describe gaining persuasive skills used in dating -- African-American students today -use the term "game" to describe gaining persuasive skills used in dating -- Mexican-American students today -says, "No one dates anymore!" -- a college student today

Monica turned to online dating, expecting it to be more efficient than finding a partner in her local setting. She created a profile that is accurate, even including her flaws and weaknesses. She noticed that men often post photos that misrepresent their age and appearance. Monica started online dating in 1987, the very early years of Match.com.

-more efficient -men often post photos that misrepresent their age and appearance

The marital status of the adult population ages 55 to 75 has changed dramatically since 1970. Identify the groups who make up larger proportions of this population than they did in the past.

-never married adults -separated/divorced adults

Identify the factors that are likely to encourage exogamy

-spending a college semester abroad -living in a racially integrated neighborhood

Based on Lisa Wade's research on some college student relationships, place the following in chronological order.

1st: Two college students hook up. Second: Students stay in communication but show low levels of interest. Third: Students begin considering dating each other.

Unlike courtship, dating usually takes place in the market arena, involving personal spending and commercial consumption. Identify the ways commercial consumption changed the dating script in the twentieth century.

Changes: -Families had less of a say in whom young people dated and what they did -Dating became a public process Not Changes: -Dating revolved around getting to know a romantic interest -Relationships became more gender equal

In light of the spread of egalitarian beliefs, most college students promote equality in dating. It is now the norm that either person may take the lead in formal dating situations, and either person may make the first sexual move

False

Identify the major changes in dating and romantic relationships that have made following social scripts more difficult in recent years.

Major Change(s): -Cohabitation has increased -The internet had brodened the social world for many people, changing how people meet and socialize -There are more ways to form and sustain a relationship -More divorced and older single adults are in the dating pool Not Major Change(s): -Sexual freedom has increased -Couples are less committed to each other

The high school prom has been a site of continuous legal and social conflict for decades. Why are prom scripts so important?

Proms are often seen as a formal step in the process of mate selection that can lead eventually to marriage

Identify each scenario as applying to either romantic love or utilitarian love.

Romantic Love: -Despite distance and difficulty, two lovers unite -Across a crowded room, a man spots a stranger who will be his one true love Utilitarian Love: -A women weighs her options and eventually leaves her partner in order to find a better one -A married couple struggles together to improve their conflict communication

Identify the situations in which social scripts are likely to be shared among participants and followed by them.

Shared Social Script(s): -Attending the operaMeeting a love interest's parents Not Shared Social Script(s): - Watching TV while eating dinner alone at home -Attending school in a new country

Homophily operates in a way in which ______ people have more contact with one another than _____ people. Greater levels of homophily lead to more.

Similar; Dissimilar; Endogamy

Identify the statements that are supported by research on hookup culture and sex on college campuses.

Supported: -The role of alcohol and drugs in hookup culture increases the risk of sexual assault -The majority of young men appear to engage in hookup culture Not Supported: -Hookup culture is mainly driven by men's preferences, whereas women would prefer long-term relationships in college -Almost all young men who avoud hookup culture explain why that they are delaying sex for religious reasons

Elian is a gay nineteen-year-old man. His cousin, Nance, is a bisexual thirty-year-old woman. Identify the scenarios that current research finds to be typical of many LGBTQ+ lives.

Typical: -Elian's first sexual experience was with a girl. Nance's first sexual experience was with a man. -Elian came out when he was eleven. Nance came out when she was twenty-four. Not Typical: -Nance's first serious relationship with a woman was at age seventeen. Elian's first serious relationship with a man was also at age seventeen.

Match each population to the unique circumstances they face while dating.

Unmarried Parents: They don't have much time to date, but many still do Divorced Adults: Olders adults form a large proportion of this group (although they are not the majority) Single Older Adults: They often have more resources to invest in dating and romance Widowed Adults: This group makes up a much smaller proportion of the dating pool than it used to

Match each evolutionary trait to the reason why it may have attracted mates.

gave the impression of reproductive fitness -- wide hips on women increased the odds of survival -- the ability to run fast increased success in competition -- a stocky, muscular figure

Although there has been ______ acceptance of gay and lesbian relationships over time in the United States, many gays and lesbians still face _____ . Given this situation, gay and lesbian couples face greater relational _____ compared with straight couples.

increasing; discrimination; ambiguity

A social script is a ______ of interaction that serves as a ______ in _____ situations.

pattern; model of behavior; familiar

Identify the true and false statements about dating in the mid-twentieth century.

true: -Single men and women often went on dates with multiple people in the same week or month. -Single men and women often went on multiple dates per week.