Chapter 7: Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Which of the following terms is used to describe organisms that must acquire their energy from chemical compounds? Autotroph Chemotroph Lithotroph

Chemotroph

_____ is a close association between individuals from two species that may be helpful, harmful or neither to both members.

Symbiosis, Symbiotic, or Symbioses

Biofilms are very common. True False

True

Methanogens are ______. chemoautotrophs producers of carbon dioxide and hydrogen archaea found most commonly in aerobic environments

chemoautotrophs archaea

_____ is the act of successfully adjusting to a new environment.

Adaptation, Adapt, or Adapting

What term is used to describe organisms that can generate their own food from inorganic compounds? Saprotrophs Heterotrophs Autotrophs

Autotrophs

Which of the following cell structures is specialized for transport of materials into and out of the cell? Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Periplasmic space Cell membrane

Cell membrane

What term is used to describe organisms which derive both energy and carbon from organic compounds? Photoautotroph Chemoheterotroph Lithotroph Chemoautotroph

Chemoheterotroph

Which of the following is defined as a relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unharmed? Symbiosis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

Commensalism

_____ is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one species derives benefit without harming the other.

Commensalism

_____ bacteria lack the ability to synthesize some necessary organic compounds and will only grow if specific nutrients are provided.

Fastidious

Which best describes a parasitic relationship between microbe and host? Flesh-eating bacteria on human skin Escherichia coli bacteria growing in the human gut Wood-processing protozoa living in a termite gut Decomposing fungi living in soil around plant roots

Flesh-eating bacteria on human skin

What term is used to describe an essential organic compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in the diet? Growth factor Macronutrient Micronutrient

Growth factor

Which must acquire its chemical energy from some outside source? Heterotroph Autotroph

Heterotroph

Microorganisms that are human pathogens are best described as which of the following nutritional types? Autotrophic Either autotrophic or heterotrophic Heterotrophic

Heterotrophic

Natural organic nutrients are usually the product of which of the following? Fermentation Living organisms Water Soil

Living organisms

Which is a type of chemoautotroph that produces methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide? Photoautotroph Methanogen Lithotroph

Methanogen

Which term best describes the association between a human host and the normal microbiota that aids in digestion? Parasitic Commensal Mutualistic

Mutualistic

______ is the acquisition of chemical substances by organisms for use as an energy source or as building blocks of cellular structures. Nutrition Metabolism Symbiosis Catabolism

Nutrition

_____ molecules, which contain carbon, are nearly always the products of living organisms.

Organic

Which of the following receives their energy from the sun's light to generate a sugar source for cellular respiration? Lithotrophs Heterotrophs Phototrophs Chemotrophs

Phototrophs

_____ sensing is the ability of some microbes to detect the number of other microbes and act accordingly.

Quorum

Which terminology describes the ability of some microbes to detect the numbers of other microbes and alter their behavior? Biofilm Chemotaxis Quorum sensing Inducer sensing

Quorum sensing

Many gardeners practice composting, where leftover vegetable peels, leaves, and other organic matter is collected and turned into a rich, fertile soil. Which best describes the type of microbes in compost? Autotrophic Lithotrophic Saprophytic

Saprophytic

Autotrophs can generate energy from which of the following? Consumption of other organisms Without any energy input Sun light Simple, non-living chemical reactions

Sun light Simple, non-living chemical reactions

Which term describes any close relationship between two organisms? Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Symbiosis

Symbiosis

Which term describes any close relationship between two organisms? Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Symbiosis

Symbiosis

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the chemical composition of cells? The majority of compounds are organic. Water is the largest component. The most prevalent organic compound is nucleic acids. Cells usually obtain their nutrients as compounds, instead of pure elements.

The most prevalent organic compound is nucleic acids.

Gradual adjustment and evolutionary change that allows microbes to survive in their environment is known as _______. metabolism evolution adaptation adjustment

adaptation

A(n) _____ microbe requires only inorganic nutrients and carbon dioxide as a sole carbon source.

autotrophic, lithoautotrophic, chemoautotroph, chemolithotroph, autolithotroph, autotroph, or chemolithoautotroph

A _____ is a complex association of microorganisms in which the members are bound to each other and a substrate by an extracellular matrix.

biofilm

Most microbes on earth live in a complex, organized association known as a(n) _________. Multiple choice question. endospore biofilm single-celled state intracellular parasite

biofilm

When organisms attach to a substrate and secrete an extracellular matrix, a _______ is formed. quorum biofilm membrane tissue

biofilm

Living organisms obtain nutrients from ________ sources. both organic and inorganic sources inorganic sources only organic sources only

both organic and inorganic sources

A _____-troph derives both energy and carbon from organic compounds.

chemoorgano, chemoorganotroph, organo, organotroph, or chemohetero

What is the term that describes bacteria that are unable to synthesize all of the organic compounds needed for survival? independent dependent fastidious nonfastidious

fastidious

A _____ factor is an essential organic compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in the diet.

growth or co

A(n) _____-troph is an organism which must obtain their energy from other organisms.

hetero, heterotroph, chemo, chemotroph, chemoheterotroph, or chemohetero

Organisms that require organic compounds for their carbon and energy needs are known as: autotrophs phototroph heterotrophs lithotrophs

heterotrophs

Macronutrients in cells include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and ______. oxygen iron carbon dioxide calcium lipids

lipids

In addition to carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, microbes can utilize _____ as a source of essential nutrients.

lipids or fats

The cell _____ is specialized to transport substances into and out of the cell.

membrane

The acquisition of chemical substances by organisms for the building blocks of cellular components and processes is _____.

nutrition

Nutrient sources for all living organisms can be acquired from _____ and _____ compounds.

organic inorganic

A _____-troph is an organism that uses the sun's light to provide the chemical energy to produce sugar for cellular respiration.

photo, photoauto, phototroph, photoautotroph, auto, or autotroph

Organisms that obtain their energy from the sun are called , whereas organisms that obtain their energy from chemical compounds are called .

phototrophs chemotrophs

Microbes that use photosynthesis to derive their energy are classified as ______, while microbes that gain energy from oxidizing chemical compounds are classified as ______. autotrophs/phototrophs phototrophs/chemotrophs phototrophs/nutriotrophs

phototrophs/chemotrophs

The energy source for phototrophs is the _______, while the energy source for chemotrophs is ________. chemical compounds, organic molecules organic molecules, chemical compounds sun, organic molecules organic molecules, sun sun, chemical compounds chemical compounds, sun

sun, chemical compounds

Autotrophs are special because they can generate sugar without any energy input. they can use fairly "free" energy sources to make sugar. they are all green (containing chlorophyll). they can ignore the 1st law of thermodynamics.

they can use fairly "free" energy sources to make sugar.

Organic compounds are the carbon and energy source for heterotrophs. true false

true

Which of the following are the two most prevalent chemical components of a cell? nucleic acids inorganic elements water protein

water protein