Chapter 7 - Parliament
Early elections, why?
-Early elections refer to an election in a parliamentary system that is called when it's not required. It is initiated by politicians, and is usually the head of state or the ruling party that calls the election. -These elections happen when one candidate wants to seize an opportunity to get elected when they are currently popular.
Term limits/elections for GB, France, Germany
-GB: Election every 5 years. -France's President: Two consecutive 5-year terms, Elected by prime minsiter, prime minister elected by people. -Germany's President: Two 5-year terms
-Common Law -Rooted in/Tradition/U.s
-Great britain, laws derived from common precedents and decisions by judges, rather than placed by legislature. -U.S. keeps common law that was set forth before the american revolution, and not nullified by the constitution.
president vs parliament
-In a Presidential system, the executive leader, the President, is directly voted upon by the people, and the executive leader of the Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister, is elected from the legislative branch directly. -In the Presidential System, it is more difficult to enact legislation, -In the Parliamentary system, if the Parliament doesn't like the Prime Minister, they can cast a vote of no confidence and replace him. This tends to make the executive leader subservient to the Parliament. -Presidential = more checks and balances -parliamentary = enact laws quickly
Meiji restoration Importance/Acceptance of occidental (western) values
1868, End of japan's feudal era. small group crowned new symbolic emperor, attempted to modernize economy and gov't of japan. -Japan had dallied with democracy in form but not substance, western concepts of constitutionalism and liberal democracy never truly embraced. Japans shift to occidental values happened in 1947 from an imposed constitution by the victors of World War II.
Camp David accords
1978, Peace treaty between Egyt and Israel imposed by president Jimmy Carter. Israel gave Sinai back to Egypt, Egypt recognizes Israel's right to exist.
Constructive vote of no confidence -Country/History
Allows a parliament to withdraw confidence from a head of government only if there is a positive majority for a prospective successor - West Germany -Caused by too quick succession of chancellors in office
Angela Merkel
Chancellor of Germany
Cohabitation (Country/When)
France, dual executive in 1958.
Directly elected head of state?
GB: Monarch as Head of State Germany: Election by electoral college Japan: Monarch as Head of State India: Election by electoral college India: Election by parliament France: Directly Elected
Unwritten Constitutions
Great Britain and Israel
Countries with parliamentary governments
Great Britain, India, France, Germany, Japan, Israel, Palestine
Unicameral legislatures
Great Britain, Israel
Official and ceremonial representatives
Great Britain: Monarch- Ceremonial, Prime minister, head of government Japan: Emperor- Ceremonial, Prime minister, head of government
Party Discipline
In a parliamentary system, the tendency of legislation to vote consistently as a bloc with fellow party members in support of the party's platform.
Legislatures: name and country
Israel: Knesset Germany: Reichstag (Federal republic of germany) France: National Assembly (fifth republic) Great Britain: House of Lords and House of Commons. India: Sansad Japan: The Diet
Binyamin Netanyahu
Israeli head of government
Written Constitutions
Japan, United States and China
Current Government of France
National assembly/Fifth Republic where the Prime Minister is the ruler.
Francois Hollande
President of France
Shimon Perez
President of Israel
Narendra Modi
Prime minister of Inida
Shinzo Abe
Prime minister of Japan
Germany upper and lower houses
Upper house: Bundesrat Lower house: Bundestag
Great Britain upper and lower houses
Upper: House of Lords Lower: House of Commons
India upper and lower houses
Upper: Rajyha Suibha Lower: Lok Suibha
France upper and lower houses
Upper: Senate Lower: National Assembly
Bicameral legislatures
france, germany, india, japan
