Chapter 7 - Parliament

Early elections, why?

-Early elections refer to an election in a parliamentary system that is called when it's not required. It is initiated by politicians, and is usually the head of state or the ruling party that calls the election. -These elections happen when one candidate wants to seize an opportunity to get elected when they are currently popular.

Term limits/elections for GB, France, Germany

-GB: Election every 5 years. -France's President: Two consecutive 5-year terms, Elected by prime minsiter, prime minister elected by people. -Germany's President: Two 5-year terms

-Common Law -Rooted in/Tradition/U.s

-Great britain, laws derived from common precedents and decisions by judges, rather than placed by legislature. -U.S. keeps common law that was set forth before the american revolution, and not nullified by the constitution.

president vs parliament

-In a Presidential system, the executive leader, the President, is directly voted upon by the people, and the executive leader of the Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister, is elected from the legislative branch directly. -In the Presidential System, it is more difficult to enact legislation, -In the Parliamentary system, if the Parliament doesn't like the Prime Minister, they can cast a vote of no confidence and replace him. This tends to make the executive leader subservient to the Parliament. -Presidential = more checks and balances -parliamentary = enact laws quickly

Meiji restoration Importance/Acceptance of occidental (western) values

1868, End of japan's feudal era. small group crowned new symbolic emperor, attempted to modernize economy and gov't of japan. -Japan had dallied with democracy in form but not substance, western concepts of constitutionalism and liberal democracy never truly embraced. Japans shift to occidental values happened in 1947 from an imposed constitution by the victors of World War II.

Camp David accords

1978, Peace treaty between Egyt and Israel imposed by president Jimmy Carter. Israel gave Sinai back to Egypt, Egypt recognizes Israel's right to exist.

Constructive vote of no confidence -Country/History

Allows a parliament to withdraw confidence from a head of government only if there is a positive majority for a prospective successor - West Germany -Caused by too quick succession of chancellors in office

Angela Merkel

Chancellor of Germany

Cohabitation (Country/When)

France, dual executive in 1958.

Directly elected head of state?

GB: Monarch as Head of State Germany: Election by electoral college Japan: Monarch as Head of State India: Election by electoral college India: Election by parliament France: Directly Elected

Unwritten Constitutions

Great Britain and Israel

Countries with parliamentary governments

Great Britain, India, France, Germany, Japan, Israel, Palestine

Unicameral legislatures

Great Britain, Israel

Official and ceremonial representatives

Great Britain: Monarch- Ceremonial, Prime minister, head of government Japan: Emperor- Ceremonial, Prime minister, head of government

Party Discipline

In a parliamentary system, the tendency of legislation to vote consistently as a bloc with fellow party members in support of the party's platform.

Legislatures: name and country

Israel: Knesset Germany: Reichstag (Federal republic of germany) France: National Assembly (fifth republic) Great Britain: House of Lords and House of Commons. India: Sansad Japan: The Diet

Binyamin Netanyahu

Israeli head of government

Written Constitutions

Japan, United States and China

Current Government of France

National assembly/Fifth Republic where the Prime Minister is the ruler.

Francois Hollande

President of France

Shimon Perez

President of Israel

Narendra Modi

Prime minister of Inida

Shinzo Abe

Prime minister of Japan

Germany upper and lower houses

Upper house: Bundesrat Lower house: Bundestag

Great Britain upper and lower houses

Upper: House of Lords Lower: House of Commons

India upper and lower houses

Upper: Rajyha Suibha Lower: Lok Suibha

France upper and lower houses

Upper: Senate Lower: National Assembly

Bicameral legislatures

france, germany, india, japan