US GOV CHP 3-FEDERAL SYSTEM
contracts between states that carry the force of law
interstate compacts
As defined by Aristotle, a "polity" refers to which type of government?
rule of the many for the benefit of all citizens
what government entity settles disputes between the states?
supreme court
Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is ______.
supreme in conflicts between federal and state law
under article 1, government employees may not accept salaries or gifts from foreign heads of state TRUE or FALSE
true
A leader exercises unlimited power & individuals have no personal rights or liberties
tyranny
a rule of one that rules in self interest
tyranny
type of government ruled unjustly by one person in their own interests
tyranny
Local and regional governments derive authority from the national government in what kind of system?
unitary
a gov system in which the national government gives power to the local and regional governments
unitary system
most common governmental system in the world, 70 percent of countries have this
unitary system
system in which local and regional governments derive authority from the national government
unitary system
what percent of federal aid money goes to categorial grants?
90 percent
under the constitution each state is entitled to _____ senators
2
if a state contested an act, the law would have no force until
3/4 of all states ratified an amendment expressly giving congress that power
what are 7 reserved powers?
1. set times, places, and manner of elections 2. appoint electors 3. ratify amendments to the constitution 4. make measures for public health, safety, and morals 5. exert powers the constitution does not delegate to the national government or prohibit states from using 6. establish local governments 7. regulate intrastate commerce
what are 8 enumerated powers?
1.collect duties, imports, and excises, 2.regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with indian tribes 3. establish rules of naturalization 4. coin money 5. establish a post office 6. declare and conduct war 7. provide for army and navy 8. make laws necessary and proper to carry out article 1 powers
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
10th amendment
Which amendment states that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people?
10th amendment
When was the 17th amendment ratified?
1913
What is the extradition clause?
Accused criminals must be sent back to the state in which the crime was committed for trial
The seven southern states that seceded from the United States organized into the
Confederate states of america
The Supreme Court's Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision narrowed the scope of the federal government's power by determining that ______.
Congress lacked the authority to ban slavery in the territories
Which of the following is an example of an ex post facto law?
Congress passes a law and tries to punish people who broke that law before it was passed.
Which is an example of a programmatic request?
Congress passing a law creating a technology incubator to benefit a single congressional district.
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law
35. Which of the following best exemplifies cooperative federalism?
New Deal legislation
Gibbons v. Ogden
Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government
Dred Scott Decision
Supreme Court ruling that declared slaves were not viewed as citizens but as property
What are some concurrent powers?
Taxation Lawmaking and enforcement Chartering banks and corporations Taking land for public use (eminent domain) Establishing courts Borrowing money spending money for the general welfare
Barron v. Baltimore
The 1833 Supreme Court decision held that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.
Barron v. Baltimore
The 1833 Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.
What is the privileges and immunities clause?
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
What is the devolution revolution?
The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states.
What is the 16th amendment?
The federal government can tax a person's income
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
The guarantee in the 5th Amendment that private property shall not be taken "for public use, without just compensation" is not applicable to state governments as well as the federal government.
What are the police powers of the State?
The state government's right to adopt and enforce laws to protect the public health, safety, and morality of their people
13th Amendment to the Constitution
abolished slavery
A form of government in which the right to participate is dependent on wealth and social status is known as ______.
an oligarchy
article 2 requires that each state
appoints electors to vote for president
a government in which a small group of noble individuals govern for the perceived good of all
aristocracy
a rule by the few that rules in the public interest
aristocracy
the supremacy clause is found in what article?
article 6
what are the enumerated powers of the national government?
authority to coin money, conduct foreign relations, provide for army and navy, declare war, collect duties and excises (taxes)
which court case established that the federal government is not at fault for state actions?
barron v. baltimore
addressed the issue of whether the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment applied to actions of the states
barron v. baltimore (1833)
New Federalism most favors which type of government grant?
block grants
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ______.
broadly interpreted the national government's power to regulate interstate commerce
how do people give power to the states and national government in a federal system?
by voting
What type of grants typically allocate federal dollars for a specific purpose based on a state's population?
categorical grants
Which of the following categories of grants did President Lyndon Johnson favor?
categorical grants
allocate federal dollars by a precise formula, often based on population
categorical grants
what are 3 major types of federal grants
categorical grants, block grants, and programmatic requests
a document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions that are acceptable to the state legislature
charter
Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government?
coining money
The powers specifically granted to the national government include the power to ______.
collect duties, imports, and excises
What is nullification?
concept in which states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional
Powers shared by the national and state governments
concurrent powers
The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of what type of power?
concurrent powers
What type of powers are shared by the federal and state governments?
concurrent powers
due to _________ individuals must file both state and federal tax returns
concurrent powers
national government derives authority from the states under what system?
confederal system
Prior to ratification of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of ______.
confederation
Governors are likely to prefer block grants to other types of federal grants because block grants
consolidate categorical grants into fewer, less-restrictive grants with only general spending guidelines
The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism?
cooperative federalism
What was the dominant model of federalism starting with the New Deal?
cooperative federalism
a term that describes the intertwined relations among the national, state, and local governments that began during the 1930s
cooperative federalism
the current form of government that developed in the 1930s
cooperative federalism
Under McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that states
could not interfere with operations of the national government and therefore could not tax US banks
basic administrative units of local government
counties
Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government?
creating banks
a rule of the many to benefit themselves
democracy
example of merged city and country into a consolidated government
denver, san francisco
local governments operate under charters issues by states under
dillon's rule
What is the 17th amendment about?
direct election of senators by the people
was is an example of an interstate compact?
driver license compact facilitates nationwide recognition of licenses
Adherents of this theory typically believe the national government should not exceed its constitutionally enumerated powers, and, as stated in the Tenth Amendment, all other powers are—and should be—reserved to the states or to the people.
dual federalism
What was the dominant form of federalism prior to the New Deal?
dual federalism
Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but equally powerful state and national governments?
dual federalism
posits that having separate and equally powerful state and national governments is the best constitutional arrangement.
dual federalism
the civil war destroyed what type of federalism?
dual federalism
What is the informal term for programmatic requests?
earmarks
Most block grants under Reagan went to ______.
education and health care
What two types of powers does Congress have under Article I, section 8, of the U.S. Constitution?
enumerated and implied powers
powers stated specifically in article 1 section 8 of the constitution
enumerated powers
The process of incorporation has resulted in the ______
expansion of federal power
Which of the following clauses requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial?
extradition clause
requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.
extradition clause
the constitution denies congress the power to
favor one state over another in regulated interstate commerce and lay duties on items exported from any state
how do federal grants help state income?
federal grants account for 1/3 of state income
what were four significant new deal programs
federal housing administration, civilian conservation corps, social security administration, and national recovery administration
system where national government and states derive authority from the people
federal system
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
four bills passed by Federalists in the 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798, the result of the French Revolution and during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.
Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?
full faith and credit clause
Which clause of the Constitution means that legally sanctioned marriages performed in one state should automatically be recognized by other states?
full faith and credit clause
16th Amendment
gave congress power to levy and collect federal income tax
Fifth Amendment
gave rights to people accused of crimes
under what case was it ruled that congress can regulate both products and commercial activity?
gibbons v. ogden
New York had no constitutional authority to grant a monopoly to a single steamboat operator, an action that interfered with interstate commerce. what case established this?
gibbons v. ogden (1824)
Which of the following is true of progressive federalism?
it is both coercive and cooperative in nature
vice president who opposed the tariff of abominations because it badly affected south carolina
john c. calhoun
posited that if the people of any given state did not like an act of congress, they could hold a convention to nullify the act
john c. caloun
One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as ______.
laboratories for new ideas
What are bills of attainder?
laws that establish guilt and punish people without allowing them a trial
another name for dual federalism
layer cake
services provided by special districts
libraries, sewage, water, and parks
governments that lack sovereign authority and must be chartered by state governments
local governments
which governments have no power under the constitution?
local governments
Dillon's Rule states that ______.
local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty
another name for cooperative federalism
marble cake
supreme court that had the greatest impact on federal-state relationship
marshall court
first major supreme court decision to define relationship between national and state governments
mcculloch v. maryland (1819)
what are the 3 landmark cases under Marshall court that were important for the evolution of federalism?
mcculloch v. maryland, gibbons v. odgen, and barron v. baltimore
a rule by one that rules in the public interest
monarchy
form of government in which absolute power is vested in one person who ascends to the role of king or queen
monarchy
Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states?
morality laws
how many special districts in the US
more than 37 thousand
city governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas.
municipalities
how many governments exist in the US?
nearly 90 thousand
Local governments, especially those of cities, were embraced as commensurate partners in an intergovernmental system for the first time and became players in the national political arena. This was due to what?
new deal programs
states where commercial and manufacturing interests were more powerful and favored greater national power
northern states
Who were the "carpet baggers" in the post-Civil War period?
northerners seeking new opportunities in the vanquished south
The proclaimed right of a state to declare a federal law void is known by what term?
nullification
a rule by the few that rules in self interest
oligarchy
form of government in which wealth, social status, military position or achievement dictates participation in government
oligarchy
government in which a few people rule in their own interest
oligarchy
Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution?
passing bills of attainder
Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power and derive all authority from the __________.
people
how do school districts obtain money?
persuading those without children to help fund schools and extracurricular programs through referenda
a rule of many for the benefit of all citizens
polity
Which of the following is the best example of federalism?
power is distributed between a central government and state governments
What are reserved powers?
powers that are not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution
controversy over out-of-state students not being able to pay the same price for college as citizens of a state arose and was seen as going against what clause?
privileges and immunities clause
New Deal
program of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to end the Great Depression
a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative
progressive federalism
Local government responsibilities
public health and safety, education, jobs, zoning land, assisting the poor
what are state government powers indicated by the constitution?
public health, safety and morality (police powers), set time and place for national elections, ratify amendments for the US constitution, establish local governments, regulate intrastate commerce
seen as the beginning at the end of the civil war
reconstruction period
article 4 guarantees each state a
republican form of government
exist to provide free public education to students
school districts
The Seventeenth Amendment gave the people the power to elect which of the following?
senators
"removed a major constraint on the federal government by giving it access to almost unlimited revenues."
sixteenth amendment
Which amendment gave Congress the power to levy and collect federal taxes on incomes without apportioning them among the states?
sixteenth amendment
Which of the following did Dred Scott v. Sandford address?
slavery
states that favored state rights and fought to maintain slavery
southern states
a local government restricted to a particular function.
special district
what is the most numerous form of government in the US?
special districts
in a unitary system there are no___________ governments
state
53. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increase in the power of ______.
state and local governments
what are powers denied by the constitution?
state favoritism, titles of nobility, bills of attainder, and ex post facto laws
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) gave power to
state governments
in a confederate system, what is the strongest unit?
states
In McCulloch v. Maryland, which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank?
supremacy clause
It declares that the U.S. Constitution, the laws of the United States, and its treaties are "the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby."
supremacy clause
act that raised duties on raw materials, iron, hemp, and flax, and reduced protections against imported woolen goods
tariff of abominations
question of nullification arose due to
tariff of abominations
what are some concurrent powers?
tax, borrow money, establish courts, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for the general welfare
17th Amendment
terminated state legislature election of senators and gave people the power to elect senators
Under which Court did the willingness to allow Congress to regulate in a variety of areas wane?
the Rehnquist court
The concept of nullification was a central issue behind which of the following?
the civil war
In the late 1980s, what caused the Rehnquist Court to start to restrict Congress's ability to regulate various areas of the economy?
the court's support for states' rights
Barron v. Baltimore held that what is bound by the Bill of Rights?
the federal government
signaled the beginning of a new era in federalism where state and national governments worked together to address many issues like job creation, health, and welfare
the new deal
what is the source of government authority in a federal system?
the people
Proponents of the "New Federalism" argue that ______.
the power of state governments should be expanded
Dillon's Rule states that all local government must be authorized by which of the following?
the state government
In a confederate system, what is the source of the national government's authority?
the states
To fashion their new government, the Framers of the U.S. Constitution drew upon ______.
their struggles under the british crown
One reason for the proliferation of special districts
to avoid restrictions on funds faced by municipalities or other jurisdictions
An example of a categorical grant is when Congress provides funds to the states ______. a. to improve highway infrastructure b. for substance abuse prevention c. for transportation infrastructure d. to enhance science instruction in a low-income area
to enhance science instruction in a low-income area
smaller counties run by a mayor and town council
towns
Under the Great Compromise, the Senate
was elected by state legislatures
counties are used by state governments for
welfare and environmental programs, courts, elections, and the registration of land, births, deaths, and party affiliations.