Chapter 7: South America Geography and History
Descendent
Someone who is related to a person who lived in the past
What is the location of cities in relation to the Amazon river?
Most major cities are along the Amazon river
Monopoly
complete control of an entire supply of goods/services in a certain market or area
Rebellion
effort by people to change the government or leader of a country through protest or violence
Terraced
flat areas created on the side of a hill or mountain, especially for growing crops
Nomad
member of a group of people who move from place to place
Treaty
official agreement made between two or more countries/groups
How did the Inca maintain control of the empire?
~kinship ~society & government was highly organized
What are the 4 main physical features? [descriptions]
~mountains (andes) ~lowlands (low lying parts) ~forests (amazon rain forest) ~grasslands (grass fields used for grazing)
What is the climate like in the Amazon River basin?
Warm and wet
What resources do rivers provide?
Abundant animal life, fish
Artifact
object made by people in the past
What is the plant and animal life in the Amazon River basin?
Abundant, many species of both plants and animals thrive
How big is the Amazon River basin?
2,700,000 square miles
What is the impact the Spanish had on Natives?
Brought disease, enslaved natives, missionaries tried to convert natives,
Why was Bolivar educated in Europe?
His uncle sent him there to receive a good education
How many tributaries does the Amazon river have and how long are they?
How many: over 1,000 How long: up to 1,000 miles long
What two factors determine where people settle in South America?
Elevation & climate
How does the Amazon river nourish the rain forest?
Floodwaters deposit Rich nutrients that support life
Who is Bolivar compared to?
George Washington
Why did Bolivar fight for independence in Venezuela?
He felt that they needed independence from Spain
Where does the Amazon river originate?
High in the Andes mountains of Peru
How does elevation influence climate in South America?
In higher elevation is usually colder and in lower elevation it is mild and warm
How do people adapt to life in different elevations?
In higher elevation, they subsistence farm and adapt their clothing and what they eat. In lower elevation, people can grow whatever they want and they grow for profit
What is the climate of the lowlands?
Mild
Where does the Amazon river empty into?
The Atlantic
Subsistence farming
Only grow enough food to feed one's family
How long did slavery last?
Over 300 years
Guarani
PLACE: eastern & central lowlands N or S: settled HG: yes S+B: yes
Tupinamba
PLACE: mouth of amazon, southward along Atlantic coast N or S: settled HG: no S+B: yes
Yanomami
PLACE: rainforests and throughout the amazon river basin N or S: nomadic HG: yes S+B: yes
Who colonized Brazil?
Portugal
Tributaries
Small rivers that drain into a large river
What country conquered the Inca empire?
Spain
Why were people able to settle?
Steady food supply
What are for resources that were important to Brazil's economy? [4]
Sugar, coffee, gold, diamonds
Why did Bolivar want to liberate South America from Spanish rule?
The Spanish word enslaving natives and ruling unjustly
How does the climate of the Andes mountains compare to other areas of South America?
The climate in the Andes is cool and dry, the rest of South America is warm and wet
Why did the Inca need engineering skills? (Examples)
To adapt to the mountainous environment (Terraced mountains, irrigation canals, suspension bridges)
Liberate
To set someone/something free
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Treaty that divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain
How did the slave trade lead to great wealth?
With so many slaves they could harvest so many crops and materials
Excavate
carefully uncover something by digging away