Bio 101 Exam
It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level. This is referred to as the __________ of water
specific heat
An exergonic reaction is considered to be
spontaneous
In C3 plants, the __________ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange
stomata
In a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane. The inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the
stroma
The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are
sugar and phosphate
Shared ancestral characters may also be called
synapomorphic characteristics
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by
telomerase
The codon is found in the
template strand of DNA
Some biologists are considering adopting a different classification scheme based on common ancestors called
the biological BarCode
The life and death of cells are governed by
the laws of thermodynamics
The reactions that occur in thylakoid membranes are
the light-dependent reactions
During the 1920s to 1940s, biologists combined Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory to form a unified explanation of evolution that is referred to as
the modern synthesis
The sex of a human is determined by
the presence of a Y chromosome
The differences between a stable isotope and a radioisotope that
the radioisotope emits radiation
If two species have homologous structures
the species are related by a common ancestry
The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is
the sun
The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in the
thylakoid membrane
Mendel's principle of segregation states that
true-breeding parents produce offspring of the same phenotype
The genotype for a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both height and pea color would be
ttyy
The final product of DNA replication is
two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand
In the experiments of Griffith, the conversation of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria
was a result of genetic mutation
Which of the following choices correctly identifies a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO2 + H20 <->H2CO3
water
Parts of the enzymes molecule that interact with a substrate are called
active sites
Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as _______
adenine
Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with one or more flagella
amoebozoa
A gene that affects, prevents, or makes the expression of a gene at another locus is a(n) __________ gene
codominant
Which vegetable was not produced from a single species using artificial selection
colewort
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation
release free energy
Which of the following has a pH closet to that of human blood
sea water
The sex of most mammals, birds, and insects is determined by
sex chromosomes
Which of the following adds new nucleotides to growing DNA chain
DNA helicase
Which of the following statements about DNA is false
DNA is capable of forming many different sequences
Okazaki fragments are joined together by
DNA ligase
Which of the following statement is NOT part of Darwin's theory of natural selection
competition between populations increases variation
Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is
composed only of unicells
An organic compound differs from an inorganic compound in that an organic compound
contains carbon
Homoplastic structures are a result of ___________ evolution
convergent
When populations with separate ancestors adapt in similar ways to similar environmental constraints, it is referred to as
convergent evolution
Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates
diatoms
Most human somatic cells are
diploid
In Linnaeus taxonomy closely species are assigned to the same genus, and closely related genera are grouped into
domains
During aerobic respiration, oxygen is
reduced
Cholesterol within membranes functions a(n) __________ through its interactions with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of phospholipids
fluidity buffer
The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were
fungi
In a chemical reaction, the product is
generally written on the right side of the equation
When it is said that the genetic code is universal, it means that all organisms share the same
genes
Which classification level would be the most inclusive
genus
Which process does not match the location in a typical eukaryotic cell
glycolysis-mitochondrion
One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is
having thin, finger-like projections
Brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures called __________ that anchor them to the substrate
holdfasts
The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes
homologous pairing and crossing-over
Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose
hydrolysis
In a lipid bilayer, _________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water
hydrophobic
_____________ is thought to be due to increased homozygosity
inbreeding depression
The study of the genetic variability within a population and the forces that changes allele frequencies is
population genetics
A Barr body in a mammalian female cell represents
an inactivated X chromosomes
Which of the following would be least likely to form a fossil
an organism in the tropical rain forest
Dinoflagellates that contribute substantially to the productivity of coral reefs are _________
apicomplexans
Most protists are
aquatic
Integral proteins
are amphipathic
Mutations that are not passed on from one generation to the next
arise in somatic cells
A solution having a pH of 6 would
be slightly acidic
Nucleosomes are best described as
prokaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins
Peripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:
bonding to integral proteins through non covalent interactions
Catabolic reactions involve the
breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks
The particular type of element is determined by the number of
protons
Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration
can utilize NO3- as the terminal electron acceptor
Bears and dogs are
carnivores
Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as
catalysts
Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs via formation of a(n)
cell plate
Which of the following pairs is correctly match
centrosome-cell division
A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the
chloroplast
DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called
chromatin
In paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like ____________
cilia
A(n) _________ character is a trait that has evolved relatively recently
cladistic
When faced with multiple possible cladograms, the criteria of _________ is employed
cladology
Introns in pre-mRNA are known to
code for important amino acid sequences
Evolution is genetic change in _________ that occurs over time
a population
It is advantageous for cells to be small because
a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5' - AGATCCG- 3'
3' - TCTAGGC- 5'
The overall reactions of photosynthesis are best summarized as
6 CO2 + 12 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
Whose findings of evolution by natural selection by natural selection were presented with those of Darwin
Alfred Wallace
Which scientist first viewed living cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The first kingdom to be recognized beyond Plantae and Animalia was
Archaebacteria
Which of the following represents the possible genotype(s) resulting from a cross between an individual homozygous (BB) and one heterozygous (Bb) individual
BB and Bb
The overall reaction for the aerobic respiration of glucose is summarized as
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O -> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Energy
__________ developed the binomial system of nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
The islands where Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared them to those organisms found on the mainland were the
Galapagos Islands
The _________ can be considered a sorting, processing and packaging center
Golgi complex
Identify the tree basic themes in biology
II. The evolution of life III. The flow of energy through living systems V. The transmission of information
RNA differs from DNA in all of the following except
RNA contains cytosine
Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure in 1972
Singer and Nicholson
Chlorophyll
absorbs red and blue light, and reflects green light
A group of thylakoid discs make up
a granum
An amphipathic molecule has
a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portoin
The physical location of a particular gene on a chromosome is called
a locus
The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of __________ and M phase
interphase
Which of the following represents the overall sequence of events during mitosis
interphase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
A replication fork
is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously
Pinocytosis
is the nonspecific uptake of fluids by pinching inward of the plasma membrane
The chromosomes makeup of an individual organism is called a
karyotype
The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories
light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reaction
The principle of independent assortment is not true for
linked gas
At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into __________, which is stored in the _________ of their cells
malate; vacuoles
Gametophyte plants pro due gametes using
meiosis
The sum of all chemical activities taking place in an organism is
metabolism
Chromosomes are considered to their greatest extent during __________ of mitosis
metaphase
Sporophyte plants produce spores using
microgenesis
The mitotic spindle is made of
microtubules
Which pair is mismatched
monosaccharide--maltose
Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE
most enzymes are RNA molecules
Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for
movement
Covalently bonded atoms with similar electronic negatives are
nonpolar
Substitution of one base pair for another can result in a ________ mutation that results in the conversation of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon
nonsense
This molecule transmits heredity information
nucleic acid
The term "dominant" means that
one allele can mask the expression of another in a hybrid
What is the correct equation for the Hardy-Weinberg principle
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion
paramecium
Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called
parasitism
The physical appearance of an organism for a given trait is termed
phenotype
Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles called
photons