Chapter 7 Study guide
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity of sand is
less than for plants
Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to
looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a
low specific heat capacity
The fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a
low specific heat capacity
When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing occurs is
lowered
The overflow of gasoline from a car's full metal tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands
more that metal
At absolute zero, a substance has
no more energy to give up
Heat is simply another word for
none of the above (temperature, thermal energy)
To melt 50 g of 0 degree ice requires
none of these
Sublimation is a change of phase from solid to gas without
passing through the liquid phase
A good heat conductor is a
poor insulator
Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to
prevent boiling
When thermal energy is added to boiling water, the water temperature
remains the same
The higher the frequency of a wave, the
shorter the wavelength
Which warms faster when heat is applied: iron or silver? Which has the lower specific heat capacity?
silver; silver
In practice, a good insulator
slows heat flow
If you keep decreasing the kinetic energy of atoms in a liquid, the liquid may
solidify
Peak frequency as noted on a radiation curve is directly proportional to the
temperature of the emitter
When you touch a nail stuck in ice, energy flows from
your hand to the ice
A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to the touch when they each have
your temperature
After taking a shower and stepping outside the shower stall, the chill you often feel is mainly due to
evaporation
When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal
expansion
Compared to a glass of water with ice, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up
faster
Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular
kinetic energy
When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes
larger
When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is
warmed
When ice crystals form in clouds, the surrounding air
warms
The filling of a hot apple pie is hotter than the crust due to
water in the filling that better retains thermal energy
Which of these is smallest
1 Fahrenheit degree
Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1 degree C requires
50 calories
On which temperature scale is 212 degrees the boiling point of water?
Fahrenheit
A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to temperature difference of 10 on the
Kelvin scale
Why does the direction of coastal winds change from day to night?
Land heats more quickly than water in sunlight: land cools more quickly than water at night. Therefore convection currents reverse direction
What is the relationship between water's high specific heat capacity and Europe's climate
The Gulf Stream carries warm water to the coast of Europe where winds blow water-warmed air over Europe, keeping winters mild
Which emits radiation of the highest frequency?
a blue-hot star
Does a good insulator prevent heat from getting through it, or does it simply delay its passage?
a good insulator slows and delays the flow of heat from hot to cold
Water boils in the mountains at
a lower temperature than at sea level
To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water
all of the above releases a lot of energy in cooling absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature require a lot of energy for an increase in temeperature
Which of these are good insulators
all of the above (feathers, snow, wood)
Radiant energy emitted by our planet is
all of the above (the outcome of radioactivity in Earth's interior, terrestrial energy & electromagnetic)
If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for warmth, you would be warmer in
an igloo
A nutritionist in the United States measures food energy in units of
both are the same (kilocalories & Calories)
Heat energy is measured in units of
both joules and calories
The temperature of boiling water is
both of these (100 C & 212 F)
The temperature of melting ice is
both of these (32 degrees F & 0 degrees C
Melting and freezing are
both of these (Opposite processes & changes of phase)
Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less
both of these (pressure & density)
If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its
both of these (thermal energy decreases & temperature decreases)
When a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has
both of these (twice the thermal energy & twice the absolute temperature
Newton's law of cooling applies to things that are
bother of these (cooling & warming)
Coastal winds that shift from night to day illistrate
convection
The process of boiling water tends to
cool the water
Is the rate of cooling of a red-hot poker greater in a warm oven than in a cold room, or is the rate of cooling the same in both?
cooling is slower in the warm oven
The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be
copper
The process of convection occurs in
fluids
What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale
freezing water 273 K; boiling water 373 K
When you touch as piece of ice with your finger, energy flows
from our finger to the ice
A poor conductor of heat is a
good insulator
The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's
high specific heat capacity
Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has
higher temperature, but less thermal energy
Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied?
iron
Which has the greater specific heat capacity; the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust?
the filling
Evaporation is a cooling process because
the more energetic molecules escape the liquid
A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because
the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains
By what means is heat transferred by convection?
transfer of heat by motion of a fluid
If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be
twice
Which is not a phase of matter
vacuum