Chapter 7 Study guide

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity of sand is

less than for plants

Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

low specific heat capacity

The fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

low specific heat capacity

When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing occurs is

lowered

The overflow of gasoline from a car's full metal tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands

more that metal

At absolute zero, a substance has

no more energy to give up

Heat is simply another word for

none of the above (temperature, thermal energy)

To melt 50 g of 0 degree ice requires

none of these

Sublimation is a change of phase from solid to gas without

passing through the liquid phase

A good heat conductor is a

poor insulator

Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to

prevent boiling

When thermal energy is added to boiling water, the water temperature

remains the same

The higher the frequency of a wave, the

shorter the wavelength

Which warms faster when heat is applied: iron or silver? Which has the lower specific heat capacity?

silver; silver

In practice, a good insulator

slows heat flow

If you keep decreasing the kinetic energy of atoms in a liquid, the liquid may

solidify

Peak frequency as noted on a radiation curve is directly proportional to the

temperature of the emitter

When you touch a nail stuck in ice, energy flows from

your hand to the ice

A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to the touch when they each have

your temperature

After taking a shower and stepping outside the shower stall, the chill you often feel is mainly due to

evaporation

When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal

expansion

Compared to a glass of water with ice, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up

faster

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular

kinetic energy

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

larger

When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is

warmed

When ice crystals form in clouds, the surrounding air

warms

The filling of a hot apple pie is hotter than the crust due to

water in the filling that better retains thermal energy

Which of these is smallest

1 Fahrenheit degree

Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1 degree C requires

50 calories

On which temperature scale is 212 degrees the boiling point of water?

Fahrenheit

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to temperature difference of 10 on the

Kelvin scale

Why does the direction of coastal winds change from day to night?

Land heats more quickly than water in sunlight: land cools more quickly than water at night. Therefore convection currents reverse direction

What is the relationship between water's high specific heat capacity and Europe's climate

The Gulf Stream carries warm water to the coast of Europe where winds blow water-warmed air over Europe, keeping winters mild

Which emits radiation of the highest frequency?

a blue-hot star

Does a good insulator prevent heat from getting through it, or does it simply delay its passage?

a good insulator slows and delays the flow of heat from hot to cold

Water boils in the mountains at

a lower temperature than at sea level

To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

all of the above releases a lot of energy in cooling absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature require a lot of energy for an increase in temeperature

Which of these are good insulators

all of the above (feathers, snow, wood)

Radiant energy emitted by our planet is

all of the above (the outcome of radioactivity in Earth's interior, terrestrial energy & electromagnetic)

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for warmth, you would be warmer in

an igloo

A nutritionist in the United States measures food energy in units of

both are the same (kilocalories & Calories)

Heat energy is measured in units of

both joules and calories

The temperature of boiling water is

both of these (100 C & 212 F)

The temperature of melting ice is

both of these (32 degrees F & 0 degrees C

Melting and freezing are

both of these (Opposite processes & changes of phase)

Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less

both of these (pressure & density)

If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its

both of these (thermal energy decreases & temperature decreases)

When a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has

both of these (twice the thermal energy & twice the absolute temperature

Newton's law of cooling applies to things that are

bother of these (cooling & warming)

Coastal winds that shift from night to day illistrate

convection

The process of boiling water tends to

cool the water

Is the rate of cooling of a red-hot poker greater in a warm oven than in a cold room, or is the rate of cooling the same in both?

cooling is slower in the warm oven

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

copper

The process of convection occurs in

fluids

What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale

freezing water 273 K; boiling water 373 K

When you touch as piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

from our finger to the ice

A poor conductor of heat is a

good insulator

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's

high specific heat capacity

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

higher temperature, but less thermal energy

Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied?

iron

Which has the greater specific heat capacity; the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust?

the filling

Evaporation is a cooling process because

the more energetic molecules escape the liquid

A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because

the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains

By what means is heat transferred by convection?

transfer of heat by motion of a fluid

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be

twice

Which is not a phase of matter

vacuum