chapter 7 unit test

Which most likely represents a prototype for the concept indicated in parentheses?

A golden retriever (dog)

Robert Sternberg's components of creativity:

A venturesome personality Imaginative thinking skills A creative environment Intrinsic motivation

Another term for a methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem?

Algorithm

The serial position effect.

Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list

An example of flashbulb memory would be...

Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her.

When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. The term for this phenomenon is

Availability heuristic.

An accurate description of the capacity of short-term and working memory?

Can handle about a half dozen items total

An example of source amnesia would be:

Carlos remembers a dream as something that really happened

hat describes long-term potentiation (or "LTP")?

Changes in synapses allow for more efficient transfer of information.

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

Chunking

The best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing?

Cognition

"Chair," "freedom," and "ball" are all examples of...

Concepts

The tendency to search for supportive information of preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence?

Confirmation bias.

You are more likely to remember psychology information in your psychology classroom than in other environments because of what memory principle?

Context effects

The best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

Convergent thinking.

Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

Creativity

An example of a representative heuristic would be:

Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerd.

A statement that accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory would be...

Emotion enhances memory because it is important for our survival to remember events that make us emotional.

Jose has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It's a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof

Encoding Flailure

According to Noam Chomsky, what is the most essential environmental stimulus necessary for language acquisition?

Exposure to language in early childhood.

The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective is called ____?

Fixation

People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than when told it has a 90 percent survival rate.

Framing

Another word for the way an issue is presented to you?

Framing.

What two parts of the brain are most involved in explicit memory?

Frontal lobes and hippocampus

Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?

How language influences thinking.

An example of anterograde amnesia would be...

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long-term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

An accurate conclusion based on Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve would be...

Major forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following?

Massed rehearsal

A TRUE statement about memory would be that...

Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information.

The kind of information that is not likely to be automatically processed?

New information

Which concept best explains why people often underestimate the amount of time it will take to complete a project?

Overconfidence

What do we call the smallest distinctive sound units in language?

Phonemes

Juan returns to his grandparents' house after a 10-year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by

Priming

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

Recall

An example of the primacy effect would be ___.

Remembering the first names of the first two co-workers you met on the first day of your new job.

An ability that would be an example of implicit memory?

Riding a bicycle while talking to your friend about something that happened in class.

Working memory is most active during which portion of the information-processing model?

Short-term memory

The text discusses therapist-guided "recovered" memories. Which of the following statements represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

Since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 3, memories from the first 3 years of life are not reliable.

What best identifies the early speech stage in which a child speaks using mostly nouns and verbs?

Telegraphic speech.

What does the term "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refer to?

The capacity of short-term memory

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

The rate of forgetting decreases as time goes on.

What would likely lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

Thinking about how the words relate to your own life

What best describes the concept of phonemes?

Units of sound in a language

An illustration of a heuristic would be...

Using news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much business fraud occurs in American business.

An example of implicit memory would be:

Which way to turn the car key to start the engine.

Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?

You can't recall your new cell phone number because your old number interferes.

Evidence of words' subtle influence on thinking best supports the notion of

linguistic determinism.

The prefix "pre" in "preview" or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of

morphemes

The role of the amygdala in memory is that it makes sure we...

remember events that trigger strong emotional responses.

The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information...

semantically