Chapter 7: Vitamins
37. The person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a
62-year-old woman who lives in a cold climate and rarely goes outdoors.
35. Which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamin intake?
A varied diet composed of all food groups eaten in controlled portions
26. An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in
Alcohol inhibits the absorption of thiamin.
8. An excellent natural food source of vitamin D is
Fish liver oils are a natural source of vitamin D
25. An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for
Thiamin acts a coenzyme factor related to the production of energy from glucose and the storage of energy as fat, making energy available to support normal growth.
34. The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has an essential role in protein metabolism and function in many cell reactions involving amino acids.
A vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin is vitamin
Vitamin D is a prohormone made in the skin by sunlight.
19. Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as a(n)
antioxidant
44. Phytochemicals act as
antioxidants and hormones.
43. An example of a meal high in vitamin C is
bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and strawberries.
33. A good food source of niacin is
beef Meat is a major source of niacin. The greatest intake of niacin in the United States comes from mixed dishes high in meat, poultry, or fish.
38. The best food source of folic acid is
broccoli
13. The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals
calcium and phosphorus.
40. The B vitamin predominantly found in foods of animal origin is
cobalamin
42. A 62-year-old woman who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes a day and whose food intake records reveal a minimal intake of vitamin C foods may be at risk for
easy bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages.
15. Recommended intakes for vitamin D are difficult to establish because
exposure to sunlight varies.
45. Foods rich in phytochemicals include
fruits and vegetables.
30. The function of all B-complex vitamins is to
function as coenzymes.
6. An important function of vitamin A is to
help form the visual pigment rhodopsin in the eye.
12. The last organ involved in the production of the physiologically active form of vitamin D is the
kidney
39. A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called _____ anemia.
megaloblastic
29. The most important source of riboflavin is
milk
10. Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are
milk and margarine.
27. The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the _____ systems.
nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal
7. A deficiency of vitamin A may result in
night blindness.
28. The vitamin that is destroyed by light is
riboflavin
24. There is a metabolic partnership between vitamin E and
selenium.
21. A good food source of vitamin K is
spinach
17. A rich source of vitamin E is
sunflower oil.
4. Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of
vitamin A.
20. The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin
vitamin D
3. The provitamin form of vitamin A that is found in plant pigments is
Beta-carotene is the provitamin form of vitamin A found in plant pigments. The body converts it to vitamin A, making it a primary source of the vitamin.
47. A food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value is called a(n)
Functional foods include any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value. Such foods are also called nutraceuticals or designer foods.
5. A rich source of vitamin A (retinol) is
Liver is a rich source of preformed, natural vitamin A. Other sources include fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter, and cream.
The active hormonal form of vitamin D is
The active form of vitamin D is calcitriol
16. A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in
calcification of soft tissues.
46. A young woman who is interesting in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices, especially regarding folate-containing foods, which may help prevent
neural tube defects.
23. The hormones that participate in calcium metabolism are
parathyroid and calcitriol.
31. The disease associated with niacin deficiency is
pellagra.
For a compound to be classified as a vitamin, it must
perform a vital function.
18. The requirement for vitamin E varies by the amount of an individual's
polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet.
36. The need for pyridoxine varies with the dietary intake of
protein The need for pyridoxine varies with the dietary intake of protein. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has an essential role in protein metabolism and function in many cell reactions involving amino acids
22. In the past, vitamin A content was listed in International Units (IU); it is now listed in
retinol equivalents.
14. A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue, especially the long bones, is referred to as
rickets
41. Vitamin C deficiency is associated with
scurvy
11. Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the
skin, liver, and kidney.
32. The amino acid that can be converted to niacin in the body is
tryptophan.