Chapter 7: Vitamins

37. The person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a

62-year-old woman who lives in a cold climate and rarely goes outdoors.

35. Which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamin intake?

A varied diet composed of all food groups eaten in controlled portions

26. An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in

Alcohol inhibits the absorption of thiamin.

8. An excellent natural food source of vitamin D is

Fish liver oils are a natural source of vitamin D

25. An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for

Thiamin acts a coenzyme factor related to the production of energy from glucose and the storage of energy as fat, making energy available to support normal growth.

34. The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has an essential role in protein metabolism and function in many cell reactions involving amino acids.

A vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin is vitamin

Vitamin D is a prohormone made in the skin by sunlight.

19. Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as a(n)

antioxidant

44. Phytochemicals act as

antioxidants and hormones.

43. An example of a meal high in vitamin C is

bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and strawberries.

33. A good food source of niacin is

beef Meat is a major source of niacin. The greatest intake of niacin in the United States comes from mixed dishes high in meat, poultry, or fish.

38. The best food source of folic acid is

broccoli

13. The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals

calcium and phosphorus.

40. The B vitamin predominantly found in foods of animal origin is

cobalamin

42. A 62-year-old woman who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes a day and whose food intake records reveal a minimal intake of vitamin C foods may be at risk for

easy bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages.

15. Recommended intakes for vitamin D are difficult to establish because

exposure to sunlight varies.

45. Foods rich in phytochemicals include

fruits and vegetables.

30. The function of all B-complex vitamins is to

function as coenzymes.

6. An important function of vitamin A is to

help form the visual pigment rhodopsin in the eye.

12. The last organ involved in the production of the physiologically active form of vitamin D is the

kidney

39. A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called _____ anemia.

megaloblastic

29. The most important source of riboflavin is

milk

10. Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are

milk and margarine.

27. The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the _____ systems.

nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal

7. A deficiency of vitamin A may result in

night blindness.

28. The vitamin that is destroyed by light is

riboflavin

24. There is a metabolic partnership between vitamin E and

selenium.

21. A good food source of vitamin K is

spinach

17. A rich source of vitamin E is

sunflower oil.

4. Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of

vitamin A.

20. The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin

vitamin D

3. The provitamin form of vitamin A that is found in plant pigments is

Beta-carotene is the provitamin form of vitamin A found in plant pigments. The body converts it to vitamin A, making it a primary source of the vitamin.

47. A food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value is called a(n)

Functional foods include any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value. Such foods are also called nutraceuticals or designer foods.

5. A rich source of vitamin A (retinol) is

Liver is a rich source of preformed, natural vitamin A. Other sources include fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter, and cream.

The active hormonal form of vitamin D is

The active form of vitamin D is calcitriol

16. A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in

calcification of soft tissues.

46. A young woman who is interesting in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices, especially regarding folate-containing foods, which may help prevent

neural tube defects.

23. The hormones that participate in calcium metabolism are

parathyroid and calcitriol.

31. The disease associated with niacin deficiency is

pellagra.

For a compound to be classified as a vitamin, it must

perform a vital function.

18. The requirement for vitamin E varies by the amount of an individual's

polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet.

36. The need for pyridoxine varies with the dietary intake of

protein The need for pyridoxine varies with the dietary intake of protein. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has an essential role in protein metabolism and function in many cell reactions involving amino acids

22. In the past, vitamin A content was listed in International Units (IU); it is now listed in

retinol equivalents.

14. A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue, especially the long bones, is referred to as

rickets

41. Vitamin C deficiency is associated with

scurvy

11. Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the

skin, liver, and kidney.

32. The amino acid that can be converted to niacin in the body is

tryptophan.