Chapter 7:5 Muscle System
Name the joints affected most frequently by contractures
- finger - wrists - knees
List three main kinds of muscles
- smooth muscle - skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle
list four functions of skeletal muscle
-attach bone to provide voluntary movement - produce heat and energy for body - help maintain posture by holding the body erect - protect internal organs
What is contracture?
A severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint
Contact
Ability to be short and thick
Extensibility
Ability to be stretched
Excitablity
Ability to respond to a stimulus
Elasticity
Ability to return to its original shape
What are voluntary muscles?
Actions controlled by person
What are involuntary muscles?
Actions without having to think
Moving a body part toward the midline
Adduction
Moving the leg toward the body
Adduction
Muscle of upper arm that flexes lower arm
Biceps brachii
What is the main function of skeletal muscle?
Body movement
Name two ways skeletal muscles attach to bones
By tendons or facias
Swinging the arm around in a circle
Circumduction
What is the main function of smooth muscle?
Contract to cause movement in the internal organ
Three muscles that can be used as injection site
Deltoid, gluteus, Maximus, quadriceps fembris
Increasing the angle between two bones
Extension
Straightening the lower leg away from the upper leg
Extension
Chronic, widespread pain in specific muscle sites
Fibromyalgia
Decreasing the angle between two bones
Flexion
What is the main function of cardiac muscle?
Forms wall of the heart and contracts to circulate blood
Muscle between ribs used for breathing
Intercostals
A group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy
Muscle dystrophy
Sudden painful involuntary muscle contractions
Muscle spasms
Chronic condition where nerve impulses aren't properly transmitted to the muscles
Myasthenia gravis
Muscle on the upper chest that addicts upper arm
Pectoralis major
Muscle on the front of thigh that extends leg
Quadriceps femoris
Muscle that compresses the abdomen
Rectus abdominus
Turning a body part on its own axis
Rotation
Turning the head from side to side
Rotation
Muscle on front of thigh that abducts and flexes leg
Startorius
Muscle on side of neck that turns and flexes head
Sternocleidoma stoid
Over stretching of or injury to a muscle and/or tendon
Strain
What is muscle tone?
The state of particial contraction
What occurs when muscle atrophy? What causes muscle atrophy?
They strink in size and lose strength, when muscles aren't used for a long time
Muscle on front of lower leg that flexes and inverts the foot
Tibial is anterior
Muscle on upper back and neck that extends head and moves shoulder
Trapezius
