Chapter 8
products
-substances resulting from a chemical reaction -shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation
reactants
-the starting substance(s) in a chemical reaction -appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation
example of single-displacement reaction
A+BC=B+AC or AB+C=A+BC
example of synthesis reaction
A+X=AX
example of double-displacement reaction
AB+CD=AD+CB
example of decomposition reaction
AX=A+X
the identities/ formulas of an elements/ compound can __?__ be changed
NEVER
reversible reaction
a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants.
activity series
a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo sertain chemical reactions.
--> <--
a reversible reaction
decomposition reaction
a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces 2 or more simpler substances.
coefficient
a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation.
precipitate
a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution and that separates from the solution.
combustion reaction
a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
single-displacement reaction
aka a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound
synthesis reaction
aka composition reaction, 2 or more substances combine to form a new compound.
word equation
an equation in which the reaction and product in a chemical reaction are represented by words.
(aq)
aqueous state
law of conservation of mass
atoms are never created nor destroyed
(g)
gas
(l)
liquid
chemical equation
reactants -> products
what do the coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate?
relative, not absolute, amounts of reactants and products
formula equation
represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbol or formulas.
chemical equation
represents, with a symbol and formula, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactions and products in a chemical reaction.
(s)
solid
electrolysis
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current
double-displacement reaction
the ions of 2 compounds exchange places in an aqueous solutio to form 2 new compounds
the relative masses of the reactants and products can be determined from ___?___
the reactions coefficients
what does the reversible reaction for a chemical equation have?
the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction
-->
yeilds
what are the 4 indicators of a chemical reaction?
1. evolution of energy and light 2. production of a gas 3. formation of a precipitate 4. color change
what are the steps in balancing chemical equations?
1. identify the names of the reactants and products and write a words equation 2. write a formula equation by substituting correct formulas for the names of reactants and products 3. balance the formula.
what are the 3 characterisitcs of a chemical change?
1. the equation must represent known facts 2. the equation must contain the correct formulas for the reactants and products 3. the law of conservation of mass must be satisfied
