Chapter 8

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products

-substances resulting from a chemical reaction -shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation

reactants

-the starting substance(s) in a chemical reaction -appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation

example of single-displacement reaction

A+BC=B+AC or AB+C=A+BC

example of synthesis reaction

A+X=AX

example of double-displacement reaction

AB+CD=AD+CB

example of decomposition reaction

AX=A+X

the identities/ formulas of an elements/ compound can __?__ be changed

NEVER

reversible reaction

a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants.

activity series

a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo sertain chemical reactions.

--> <--

a reversible reaction

decomposition reaction

a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces 2 or more simpler substances.

coefficient

a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation.

precipitate

a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution and that separates from the solution.

combustion reaction

a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

single-displacement reaction

aka a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound

synthesis reaction

aka composition reaction, 2 or more substances combine to form a new compound.

word equation

an equation in which the reaction and product in a chemical reaction are represented by words.

(aq)

aqueous state

law of conservation of mass

atoms are never created nor destroyed

(g)

gas

(l)

liquid

chemical equation

reactants -> products

what do the coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate?

relative, not absolute, amounts of reactants and products

formula equation

represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbol or formulas.

chemical equation

represents, with a symbol and formula, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactions and products in a chemical reaction.

(s)

solid

electrolysis

the decomposition of a substance by an electric current

double-displacement reaction

the ions of 2 compounds exchange places in an aqueous solutio to form 2 new compounds

the relative masses of the reactants and products can be determined from ___?___

the reactions coefficients

what does the reversible reaction for a chemical equation have?

the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction

-->

yeilds

what are the 4 indicators of a chemical reaction?

1. evolution of energy and light 2. production of a gas 3. formation of a precipitate 4. color change

what are the steps in balancing chemical equations?

1. identify the names of the reactants and products and write a words equation 2. write a formula equation by substituting correct formulas for the names of reactants and products 3. balance the formula.

what are the 3 characterisitcs of a chemical change?

1. the equation must represent known facts 2. the equation must contain the correct formulas for the reactants and products 3. the law of conservation of mass must be satisfied


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