chapter 8 and 9

the Ku Klux Klan

Anger against immigrants and emerging racial tensions over jobs led to the rise of which previously defunct group?

transfer ownership of a German-owned chemical company seized during World War I

Attorney General Harry Daugherty was accused of accepting bribes in order to _______.

investors defaulted on loans for stocks, and banks had also invested in the market

Banks failed in 1929 and 1930 as a result of the market crash because _______.

More Americans found it acceptable to use consumer credit for purchases.

Consumerism led to which of the following changes in views on debt and borrowing?

selling scarce medical supplies from veterans' hospitals for personal profit

During the Forbes Scandal, what was Colonel Charles Forbes accused of doing?

their new social, economic, and intellectual freedoms

For women of the 1920s, new fashions represented ________.

Prohibition

Fundamentalists were active in which social movement that pushed for the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment?

by being optimistic and downplaying the severity of the situation

How did President Hoover initially respond to the stock market crash?

The ideals of romantic love and friendship became more important.

How did the "new morality" of the 1920s change traditional views of marriage?

By early 1933, more than one-fourth of the workforce was unemployed.

How did the economic collapse of 1929 and 1930 affect the average American worker?

It passed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act.

How did the government respond to the call for direct relief to families?

supply-side or "trickle-down" economics

Mellon's principle of cutting tax rates in order to stimulate the economy is known today as _______.

immigrants

Much of the turmoil of the early 1920s was blamed on _______ .

Ohio Gang

President Harding's cabinet appointments, including his friends from Ohio, were referred to as _______ .

economic policies and arms agreements

Rather than relying on armed force to influence global policy during the 1920s, the U.S. used _______.

the Fundamentalist Movement

The 1920s movement that believed the Christian Bible was literally true and denied the theory of evolution was _______.

Nativism

The belief that one's homeland needs to be protected from immigrants is called _______.

government-funded building projects

What are "public works"?

A massive drought that turned uncultivated land into dust that blew across hundreds of miles.

What caused the Dust Bowl?

a rise in disposable income

What caused the emergence of the new consumer products which flooded the market in the 1920's?

automobile

What consumer product changed American society more than any other?

The investor would pay a small down payment, and the broker would lend the money for the rest of the purchase.

What did it mean to purchase stocks on "margin"?

They headed west to California.

What did many Dust Bowl farmers do when they lost their land to the banks?

It restricted immigration in a way that favored northwestern European countries.

What did the 1924 National Origins Act do?

Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrant anarchists.

What fact about the Sacco-Vanzetti case prejudiced the jury into convicting them for murder?

The Grapes of Wrath

What great literary work depicted the life of a family of "Okies"?

African Americans

What group of Americans found themselves let go from factory positions when servicemen returned from war?

Veterans were eventually chased from the Capitol by 700 soldiers.

What happened when Hoover ordered the removal of the Bonus Army?

economic prosperity and optimism

What led to a bull stock market in 1928?

comic books

What new entertainment medium gained great popularity during the Great Depression?

electric appliances

What new type of products changed the lives of homemakers in the 1920's?

Secretary of Commerce

What position did Herbert Hoover hold in the Coolidge administration?

Rugged Individualism

What principle did President Hoover originally cling to as the solution to the nation's economic troubles?

the moving assembly line

What process, first adopted by Henry Ford, allowed the price of products to be reduced while volume of sales increased?

mass production

What technological advancement in industry allowed for shorter workweeks for factory workers?

A long line of poor people waiting for free food

What was a breadline?

It was too cautious and did not meet the demands of the failing economy.

What was a flaw of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, created by President Hoover in 1932?

More and more new and often inexperienced investors were entering the market.

What was one of the results of the soaring stock market of 1928?

People continued to purchase on margin, driving up the price of stock artificially.

What was one way in which speculation contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?

a group of 15,000 veterans who squatted in Washington, D.C., demanding early bonuses

What was the Bonus Army?

to increase the amount of currency in circulation

What was the purpose of the National Credit Corporation?

to convince business leaders to retain workers and maintain wages

What was the purpose of the series of conferences President Hoover conducted in 1930 in response to the economy?

It gave commercial airlines an economic boost.

What was the result of the Kelly Act, passed by Congress in 1925?

A panic ensued and people began to sell their stocks, causing prices to dive.

What was the result of the margin calls from brokers on October 21, 1929?

It resulted in several countries agreeing to a moratorium on the construction of warships.

What was the success of the Washington Conference?

farmers from Oklahoma who had lost their land and headed west

What were "Okies"?

protests organized by the Communist Party to demand higher taxes for the wealthy in order to feed the poor

What were "hunger marches"?

communities of homeless people who lived on public land

What were shantytowns?

bank run

When too many people attempt to withdraw their money from a bank in fear that the bank will collapse, it is called a _______.

European demand for crops dropped, while farmers' debts remained the same.

Which describes the factors that led to the "quiet depression" in American agriculture after World War I?

Teapot Dome Scandal

Which famous scandal involved the secretary of the interior taking bribes to lease oil reserves to private interests?

Uneven Distribution of Income

Which of the following was a root cause of the Great Depression?

Andrew Mellon and Herbert Hoover

Which two of Harding's appointees remained under President Coolidge and contributed greatly to the prosperity of the 1920s?

Albert Fall

Who was the first cabinet official in U.S. history to go to prison?

to create loyalty and counteract unionization

Why did Henry Ford double his factory workers' pay while decreasing their hours?

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff discouraged foreign companies from purchasing American goods.

Why did the U.S. experience a decline in exports just as the market collapsed?

Most people sought an escape from their troubles.

Why did the entertainment industry grow during the Great Depression?

because the broker could issue a margin call and demand repayment of their loan

Why were investors in a hurry to sell any stock that dropped slightly in price?

Flappers

Women who wore makeup, drank prohibited liquor, and smoked cigarettes in the 1920s were called _______.

Hobos

Young men and boys who rode railways from one place to another in search of a better life were called _______.