chapter 8 and 9 practice

tophi are often the first indication of

rheumatoid

skeletal muscle can also be called

visceral, voluntary, cardiac

cancer of the cartilage is called

Chondrosarcoma

the muscle attachment I the more stationary bone is

orgin

degenerative joint disease

osteoarthritis

Bone forming cells are called

osteoblasts

The bone-resorbing cells are called

osteoclasts

microbial infection of the bone is called

osteomyelitis

the skeletal disorder common in elderly white women and characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagen fibers is called

osteoporosis

the strong fibrous membrane covering all of the long bone except the joint is called

periostum

_______is a viral infection of motor nerves that may progress to life-threatening paralysis of respiratory myscle

poliomyelitis

which of the following is not a function of the skeleton

protection

the ________is the basic functional unit of contration in the skeletal muscle

sarcomere

abnormal side-to-side curvatures of the vertebral column are called

scoliosis

______describes the hand position when the body is an anatomical position

supination

________ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle to contract

threshold stimulus

needle-like threads of spongy bone are called

trabeculae

a________ is an orthopedic procedure that involves the injection of a bone cement to repair fractured and compressed vertebrae for those who have experienced a compression fracture due to osteoporosis, trauma, tumors,or prolonged use of steroid drugs

vertebroplasty

smooth muscle can be called

visceral

inflammation of a muscle and tendon is termed

fibromyositis

two major divisions of the human skeleton are the

axial and appendicular

3 types of joints named for the amount of movement they allow

ball & socket, pivot, hinge

_______is a term used to describe the movement that is opposite inversion

eversion

what action dose the hamstring group provide

flexion

the inflammatory joint disease that is caused by an increase of uric acid is

gouty arthritis

which of the following is not a type of muscle fiber

gray

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction

the molecule _______supplies energy for muscle contraction

ATP

structural units of compact bone are called either osteons or

Haversian system

the profile that makes up the thin myofilment is

actin

________is a term that describes movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

adduction

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

the cervical and lumbar curves of the spine are called

concave curves

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

the shaft of a long bone is called the

diaphysis

________is a group of muscle disorders characterized by muscle atrophy and that often progresses to death before 21

duchene muscular dystrophy

the process of forming bone from cartilage is called

endochondral ossification

if _________ remains between the epiphysis and disphyisis bone growth can continue

epiphyseal plate

the end of the long bone is called

epiphysis

cardiac muscle makes up the bulk of the

heart

the ________ bone serves as an anchor for tongue muscle and helps support the larynx

hyoid bone

the muscle attachment to the moveable bone is called

insertion

______is type f muscle contraction that does not produce movement and does not allow the muscle to shorten but increases muscle tension

isometric

_______is the type of muscle contraction that produces movement in a joint and allows the muscle to shorten

isotonic

walking , running, and breathing are examples of

isotonic

_________is the waste product produced when the muscle must switch to an energy supplying process that does not require oxygen

lactic acid

osteocytes and chondrocytes live in small spaces in the matrix called

lacunae

the _________are cords or bands made of a strong connective tissue that hold bones together

ligaments

the fiberous lining of the hollow cavity in the long bone

medullary cavity

a single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a

motor unit

the 3 functions of the muscle system are

movement, posture, heat production

excessive stretching or tearing of muscle fibers is called

muscle strain

________is an autoimmune muscle disease characterized by weakness and chronic fatigue

myasthenia gravis

another name for muscle cell

myofiber

_______is the protein that makes up the thick myofilament

myosin

a_________ fracture invites the possibility of infection because the skin is pierced

open