chapter 8 and 9 practice
tophi are often the first indication of
rheumatoid
skeletal muscle can also be called
visceral, voluntary, cardiac
cancer of the cartilage is called
Chondrosarcoma
the muscle attachment I the more stationary bone is
orgin
degenerative joint disease
osteoarthritis
Bone forming cells are called
osteoblasts
The bone-resorbing cells are called
osteoclasts
microbial infection of the bone is called
osteomyelitis
the skeletal disorder common in elderly white women and characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagen fibers is called
osteoporosis
the strong fibrous membrane covering all of the long bone except the joint is called
periostum
_______is a viral infection of motor nerves that may progress to life-threatening paralysis of respiratory myscle
poliomyelitis
which of the following is not a function of the skeleton
protection
the ________is the basic functional unit of contration in the skeletal muscle
sarcomere
abnormal side-to-side curvatures of the vertebral column are called
scoliosis
______describes the hand position when the body is an anatomical position
supination
________ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle to contract
threshold stimulus
needle-like threads of spongy bone are called
trabeculae
a________ is an orthopedic procedure that involves the injection of a bone cement to repair fractured and compressed vertebrae for those who have experienced a compression fracture due to osteoporosis, trauma, tumors,or prolonged use of steroid drugs
vertebroplasty
smooth muscle can be called
visceral
inflammation of a muscle and tendon is termed
fibromyositis
two major divisions of the human skeleton are the
axial and appendicular
3 types of joints named for the amount of movement they allow
ball & socket, pivot, hinge
_______is a term used to describe the movement that is opposite inversion
eversion
what action dose the hamstring group provide
flexion
the inflammatory joint disease that is caused by an increase of uric acid is
gouty arthritis
which of the following is not a type of muscle fiber
gray
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction
the molecule _______supplies energy for muscle contraction
ATP
structural units of compact bone are called either osteons or
Haversian system
the profile that makes up the thin myofilment is
actin
________is a term that describes movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
adduction
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
the cervical and lumbar curves of the spine are called
concave curves
articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
the shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
________is a group of muscle disorders characterized by muscle atrophy and that often progresses to death before 21
duchene muscular dystrophy
the process of forming bone from cartilage is called
endochondral ossification
if _________ remains between the epiphysis and disphyisis bone growth can continue
epiphyseal plate
the end of the long bone is called
epiphysis
cardiac muscle makes up the bulk of the
heart
the ________ bone serves as an anchor for tongue muscle and helps support the larynx
hyoid bone
the muscle attachment to the moveable bone is called
insertion
______is type f muscle contraction that does not produce movement and does not allow the muscle to shorten but increases muscle tension
isometric
_______is the type of muscle contraction that produces movement in a joint and allows the muscle to shorten
isotonic
walking , running, and breathing are examples of
isotonic
_________is the waste product produced when the muscle must switch to an energy supplying process that does not require oxygen
lactic acid
osteocytes and chondrocytes live in small spaces in the matrix called
lacunae
the _________are cords or bands made of a strong connective tissue that hold bones together
ligaments
the fiberous lining of the hollow cavity in the long bone
medullary cavity
a single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a
motor unit
the 3 functions of the muscle system are
movement, posture, heat production
excessive stretching or tearing of muscle fibers is called
muscle strain
________is an autoimmune muscle disease characterized by weakness and chronic fatigue
myasthenia gravis
another name for muscle cell
myofiber
_______is the protein that makes up the thick myofilament
myosin
a_________ fracture invites the possibility of infection because the skin is pierced
open