Chapter 8 (final)

regional dialects are

marked by vowel variations

local dialectal patterns may influence

phonological patterns, awareness & speech patterns

vernacular dialects

refer to those varieties of spoken American English that are considered outside the continuum of Informal Standard English

Ethnicity

refers to commonalities such as religion, nationality, and region

race is a

biological label

As many as ________ languages are spoken by limited English proficient students nationwide

460

the great majority of the languages spoken by limited English proficient students nationwide are:

Spanish (65%), Chinese (6%), Vietnamese (3.2%), and Philippines (2%)

list the regional dialects

The North, The Midland, and The South - Appalachian and Ozark

Limited English Proficient students are

Typically students who have not been born in the US and whose native language is a language other than English

Which of the following is true about vernacular dialects? a. they are based on geographical regions b. all people who use a particular vernacular dialect produce the same set of speech and language features c. a wide range of pronunciation features of a vernacular dialect is more accepted than a wide range of grammatical structures d. a vernacular dialect and informal standard english are the same

c. a wide range of pronunciation features of a vernacular dialect is more accepted than a wide range of grammatical structures

race

a biological label that is defined in terms of observable physical features and biological characteristics

regional dialects

a form of speech associated with a geographic area or region

dialect

a normal variation of a speech pattern; a neutral label that refers to any variety of a language that is shared by a group of speakers

Informal Standard American English

a speaking community that is the standard judge of other speakers

African-American Vernacular English is

a systematic, rule governed dialect

culture

a way of life developed by a group of individuals to meet psychological needs

What do we measure a child by?

formal American English

If you are giving an important speech in front of your classroom, which form of Standard English are you probably using?

formal standard american english

social or ethnic dialects

generally related to socioeconomic status and/or ethnic background

ethnicity

religion, nationality, region

What does dialect being neutral mean?

that there is no good or bad dialect

In second language learning, transfer refers to

the language features that occur in the native language that shift to the features of the second language

3 things that we as SLPs need to do

• Choose appropriate tests • Evaluate the frequency and use of phonological differences and defects • Assess the child's effectiveness as a communicator to peers and teachers