Final
The Romanticists defined the good life as one lived in accordance with what? The requirements of governments Rationally-derived moral principles One's own inner nature God's will
One's own inner nature
In their explanation of human cognition and understanding, the Gestaltists emphasized: Behavioral trial and error. Perception and insight. Absolute stimulus control. Reinforcement.
Perception and insight.
Who was known for the Allegory of the Cave? Plato Socrates Aristotle Thales
Plato
Listed are the Seven Principles of Science as described by _____.
Popper
The humanists were different from other psychologists in that they emphasized: Animal research. Scientific investigation. Positive and healthy individuals. Treating schizophrenics.
Positive and healthy individuals.
Who wrote The Social Contract and Emile? (Answer format: Last name only--yes, spelling counts!)
Rousseau
The id, ego and superego are Freud's: Therapeutic methods. Three parts of the personality. Developmental stages. Defense mechanisms.
Three parts of the personality.
In the U.S., some of Wundt's ideas were introduced by: Titchner. Stumpf. Fechner. Locke.
Titchner
Aquinas's great achievement was to: demonstrate that Christianity was false. blend Christianity and Islam. standardize Christianity. reconcile faith and reason in Christianity.
reconcile faith and reason in Christianity.
Aquinas's great achievement was to: reconcile faith and reason in Christianity. demonstrate that Christianity was false. blend Christianity and Islam. standardize Christianity.
reconcile faith and reason in Christianity.
According to the Gestaltists, the existence of a problem creates _____, which is continued until the problem is solved. Cognitive disequilibrium or tension A cognitive map A behavioral environment A mental set
Cognitive disequilibrium or tension
Tolman's work has much in common with 21st century: Cognitive psychology. Radical behaviorism. Applied behavior analysis. Neuropsychology
Cognitive psychology
Bartlett would attribute errors made in retelling a story to what? Cognitive schemas Behavioral conditioning Behavioral extinguishing Cognitive dilemmas
Cognitive schemas
Bartlett would attribute errors made in retelling a story to what? Cognitive schemas Behavioral extinguishing Behavioral conditioning Cognitive dilemmas
Cognitive schemas
According to your instructor, Skinner was talking about the function of verbal behavior and Chomsky was talking about the of language. Form/structure Outcomes Effects on the speaker Reinforcement
Form/structure
According to your instructor, Skinner was talking about the function of verbal behavior and Chomsky was talking about the of language. Reinforcement Form/structure Outcomes Effects on the speaker
Form/structure
Who was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology? Francis Sumner Kenneth Clark Mamie Phipps Clark James Franklin
Francis Sumner
Freud's practice of encouraging his patients to speak freely about whatever came to their minds is called what? Resistance Repression Free association Free acceptance
Free association
Freud gave up hypnosis and cocaine as therapeutic methods in favor of: Free association and dream analysis. The ego. Marijuana and animal magnetism. The id/superego conflict.
Free association and dream analysis.
Which of the following is NOT an antecedent of Gestalt psychology? Von Ehrenfels' paper titled Uber Gestaltqualitaten (On Gestalt Qualities) Brentano and Stumpf's Act psychology Kant's descriptions of the categories of the mind Freud's psychoanalysis
Freud's psychoanalysis
Who is well known for his/her application of evolutionary theory to individual development from conception through adulthood? G. S. Hall B. F. Skinner E. C. Tolman M. P. Clark
G. S. Hall
Who is well known for his/her application of evolutionary theory to individual development from conception through adulthood? M. P. Clark E. C. Tolman B. F. Skinner G. S. Hall
G. S. Hall
If you are interested in the biological basis of knowledge, we would say you want to know more about what? Genetic transference Sociobiology The principle of reinforcement Genetic epistemology
Genetic epistemology
If you are interested in the biological basis of knowledge, we would say you want to know more about what? The principle of reinforcement Genetic epistemology Genetic transference Sociobiology
Genetic epistemology
Mendel studied pea plant traits and the associated what? Creation Taste Behavior Genetics
Genetics
Fechner found that for the magnitude of sensation to rise arithmetically, the magnitude of stimulation must rise: In a negative direction. Geometrically. Arithmetically. Divisionally
Geometrically
Today, Gestalt psychology: Has been assimilated into mainstream psychology. Is a strong, independent school. Is called radical behaviorism. Is seen as having reached a dead end.
Has been assimilated into mainstream psychology.
Which of the following was one of Johannes Muller's major contributions to psychology? He organized 18th century findings in anatomy and physiology and derived principles from that organization. None of the answers is correct. He discovered the cones in the human eye. He composed an epic poem that inspired subsequent researchers.
He organized 18th century findings in anatomy and physiology and derived principles from that organization.
What did St. Paul do that Greek philosophers such as Plato would have found unacceptable? He valued Epicureanism above Stoicism. He valued reason above faith. He valued reason above empirical observation. He valued faith above reason.
He valued faith above reason.
"If neurons are successively or simultaneously active, the strength of the connections among them increases," describes what? The Law of Effect Hebb's Rule The Premack Principle Weber's Law
Hebb's Rule
Who speculated past experience of the observer is what 'converts' sensation into perception? Ladd-Franklin Helmholtz Hering Gall
Helmholtz
One difference between existentialists and humanists is: Humanists are more optimistic about people. There is no big difference between the two. Existentialists are rejected by the rest of the scientific community. Existentialists are more optimistic about people.
Humanists are more optimistic about people.
In The Descent of Man, Darwin says _____. None of the answers are correct. Very little about humans Humans are like other animals in that they changed over time as a result of selection Humans are different from other animals in that they didn't change over time as the result of selection
Humans are like other animals in that they changed over time as a result of selection
James' influence: Is omnipresent in American psychology today. Ended with psychology's conversion to behaviorism. Is limited to work in learning and cognition. Was superseded by psychoanalytic approaches.
Is omnipresent in American psychology today.
Neobehaviorism: Is the melding of behaviorism and logical positivism. Is the rendition of behaviorism that has survived into the 21st Rejected the study of non-human species. Was only a minor influence in psychology during the mid-20th
Is the melding of behaviorism and logical positivism.
William James talked about stream of consciousness. How did he say it helped people? It allows people to adjust to the environment. It distracted from the outside world. It denies free will. It is just a side effect of other thought.
It allows people to adjust to the environment.
Descartes believed what about animal behavior? It could not be explained mechanically. It was all instinct. It was not at all instinct. It could be explained mechanically.
It could be explained mechanically.
What calls into question the belief that St. Paul was guilty of extreme misogyny? St. Paul believed women could be apostles. St. Paul often advocated for women's rights. St. Paul advocated for women to be Church leaders. It is unknown which of the early Christian writings were actually written by St. Paul and which were written in his style by others.
It is unknown which of the early Christian writings were actually written by St. Paul and which were written in his style by others.
One important criticism Xenophanes had of religion was: The Olympian gods did not behave like humans. It was a relativistic human invention. All of these answers are correct. Men attributed good behavior of men to the gods.
It was a relativistic human invention.
Who maintained it was permissible for wives whose husbands were unable to perform sexually to seek another partner so they could become pregnant? Erasmus Locke Kant Luther
Luther
All of the following individuals used reason to search for abstract truths, ideals, or forms that existed beyond the world of matter EXCEPT: William of Occam. Plato. Aquinas. Pythagoras.
Plato
Who was known for the Allegory of the Cave? Thales Aristotle Plato Socrates
Plato
What is the difference between positivism and logical positivism? Logical positivism is not a philosophy of science according to the textbook. Positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; logical positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist. There is no difference between those two philosophies of science. Logical positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist.
Positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; logical positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist.
What is the difference between positivism and logical positivism? Positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; logical positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist. Logical positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist. There is no difference between those two philosophies of science. Logical positivism is not a philosophy of science according to the textbook.
Positivism states you can only attribute cause to things you objectively know exist; logical positivism states you can attribute cause to things that might exist and which are tied to things which you objectively know exist.
Guthrie was unlike most behaviorists in that he: Postulated one-trial learning. Rejected the law of contiguity. Based all his views on his own experiments. Made no distinction between molar and molecular behavior
Postulated one-trial learning.
_____ qualities are immutable and capable of precise measurement. Tertiary Primary Original Secondary
Primary
According to Kohler, patterns of brain activity and patterns of conscious experience are always structurally equivalent. This describes the Gestalt notion of: Psychophysical isomorphism. The law of Pragnanz. The constancy principle. Unconscious inference.
Psychophysical isomorphism.
What field within psychology studies sensory thresholds? Psychotherapy Cognitive and brain science Psychophysics Behaviorism
Psychophysics
What field within psychology studies sensory thresholds? Psychotherapy Psychophysics Behaviorism Cognitive and brain science
Psychophysics
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary approach to psychology? Evolutionary psychology Behavioral genetics Psychotherapy Sociobiology
Psychotherapy
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary approach to psychology? Psychotherapy Evolutionary psychology Sociobiology Behavioral genetics
Psychotherapy
Some psychologists believe human behavior is determined but those causes cannot be accurately measured. What idea from physics is similar? Conservation of energy The uncertainly principle Relativity Conservation of energy in living things
The uncertainly principle
Even today, all of psychology is behavioristic to the extent that it insists that publicly ______ phenomena are what must be measured. (Answer format: One word only, begins with 'o')
observable
The id, ego and superego are part of Freud's analysis of what? (Answer format: One word only, beginning with 'p')
personality
Pavlov was not a psychologist but a _____. Correct!
physiologist
View of human nature romanticism
posiitve impression if let them do what they want
The _____ defined the good life as one lived in accordance with one's own inner nature. (Answer format: One plural word only, ends in "cs")
romantics
The _____ assumes everything that occurs is a function of natural-world causes. idealist mystic Platonist scientist
scientist
According to Aristotle, the job of common sense was to: deny God. know the unmoved mover. synthesize and integrate sensory experience. understand God.
synthesize and integrate sensory experience.
According to Aristotle, the job of common sense was to: deny God. understand God. know the unmoved mover. synthesize and integrate sensory experience.
synthesize and integrate sensory experience.
Which aspect of Empedocles' philosophy could be used to explain the types of intrapersonal and extrapersonal conflicts described later by Freud? the clashes of atoms the forces of love and strife (eros and thanatos) the transmigration of the soul the elements of earth, fire, air, and Milla Jovovich
the forces of love and strife (eros and thanatos)
Hippocrates agreed with Empedocles about which of the following ideas? the four elements of earth, fire, air, and water the usefulness of supernatural medicine Anaxagoras' theory of seeds eidola entering the body through the pores
the four elements of earth, fire, air, and water
Which is FALSE? Democritus believed: the personal soul survived the body after death. our atoms are scattered at death. the body had five sensory systems. all things were made up of atoms.
the personal soul survived the body after death.
Which is FALSE? Democritus believed: all things were made up of atoms. our atoms are scattered at death. the personal soul survived the body after death. the body had five sensory systems.
the personal soul survived the body after death.
Zeitgeist means: the spirit of the times. about the same thing as presentism. the same thing as historicism. the history of anything must be selective.
the spirit of the times.
According to Plato, the mind (or soul) and the body: different aspects of God. were really the same. culturally determined. were different, the soul being eternal, the body a poor reflection of it.
were different, the soul being eternal, the body a poor reflection of it.
Some psychologists believe human behavior is determined but those causes cannot be accurately measured. What idea from physics is similar? The uncertainly principle Relativity Conservation of energy Conservation of energy in living things
The uncertainly principle
According to Schopenhauer, when the universal will manifests itself in a particular organism, it becomes: A communion with God. Essentially the same thing as what the empiricists called an idea. The will to survive. A revealed truth.
The will to survive.
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital are Freud's stages of what?
psychosexual development
Whom did Freud credit for psychoanalysis?(Note: Answer with last name only; spelling counts.)
Breuer
With which part of Freud's tri-part personality is libido associated? (Answer format: One word only)
ID
Did the Sophists believe any objective truth existed? Yes No
No
Pavlov was not a psychologist but a _____.
physiologist
Schopenhauer believed suffering was something felt most by what kind of people? (Answer format: One word only)
Intelligent
Rationalists
-Spinoza (what God is and who God is) -Reed (rationalist heavy british islander) -Kant -Herber _Hegel
Lamarck says that
-individual animals change during a single lifetime based on what they are doing or not doing (giraffes get long neck by streching it) - yes can change phenotype but not quite right -if animals have child the changes in the parents would be seen in the child, but that is not how it works -what you inherit spreads but not how Lamarck says
Homeopathic magic used to treat mental illness involved: -Principle of similarity -the principle of contiguity -the ability to treat the sufferer in the same environment in which they suffered -the ability to treat the sufferer in his/her own comfort zone
-the principle of similarity
Freud's career path, what study next?
1. early career - pharmaceutical drugs (cocaine) 2. meditiation and hypnosis 3. final choice of career- psychoanalysis 4. study dreams after psychoanalysis
What was Locke's definition idea? Our indirect perceptions of the environment Like a song that you sing to yourself sub-vocally Innate notions which God instill in human minds A mental image that could be employed while thinking
A mental image that could be employed while thinking
Bacon trusted only direct observation of his subject matter. This makes him what? A positivist A materialist A realist An idolist
A positivist
You are chatting with a new friend about the role the mind plays in a person's life. You postulate that the mind simply responds to sensations and ideas, that it doesn't actively change those sensations. Your friend explains that she believes the mind actively interacts with sensations in a way that produces something more than mere sensation. In this scenario, your friend is likely what? An empiricist An existentialist A romantic A rationalist
A rationalist
Newton believed which of the following? God does not exist. The universe operates according to undiscoverable principles. The universe could not be described mathematically. A science of psychology was possible.
A science of psychology was possible
What do all approaches to mental illness have in common? A sufferer, a helper, and a tool A sufferer, an antagonist, and a ritual A sufferer, an antagonist, and a tool A sufferer, a helper, and a ritual
A sufferer, a helper, and a ritual
Which of the following is a synonym for mental illness identified in your textbook? Intact behavior Idiocy Abnormal behavior Dumb
Abnormal behavior
This is a photograph of which prominent psychologist? Abraham Maslow Sigmund Freud Jean Piaget Jeanne Padgett
Abraham Maslow
Karl Lashley's work is associated with: Memory being distributed throughout the brain. Mass action of the brain. All of the above are correct Equipotentiality of neurons to do a job.
All of the above are correct
Third force psychologists were interested in: All aspects of humanity. Phenomenology (inner experience). Humans, not other animals. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Third force psychologists were interested in: All of the above are correct. All aspects of humanity. Phenomenology (inner experience). Humans, not other animals.
All of the above are correct.
A scientific law: is general. describes a relationship between empirical events. is amenable to public observation. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Gestalt psychology was founded: All of the answers are correct. In reaction to Wundt's elementalism. In reaction to behaviorist elementalism. To study behavior that could not be divided without losing the behavior.
All of the answers are correct.
Goddard's work prompted: The belief that intelligence is inherited. The deportation of people thought to be mentally deficient. Laws allowing the sterilization of socially 'undesirable' people. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
How do contemporary learning psychologists (i.e., behavior analysts) view language? All of the answers are correct. Learned behavior Behavior established and reinforced by the social environment Behavior to be explained, like any other behavior
All of the answers are correct.
The humanistic movement was a reaction against: Animal research models of human psychology. All of the answers are correct. The behaviorist view of psychology. The psychodynamic view of humanity.
All of the answers are correct.
What is evolutionary psychology? Use of the concept of "inclusive fitness" to explain complex human behaviors such as love, altruistic acts, and war All of the answers are correct. Extremely popular in contemporary psychology The same as what E.O. Wilson, during the 1970s, called sociobiology
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following contributed to Darwin developing and publishing his theory of evolution by natural selection? Wallace's letter describing his own, almost identical theory Malthus' An Essay on the Principle of Population All of the answers are correct. His experiences during the travels of the HMS Beagle
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is a critique of Freud's version of psychoanalysis? It was not falsifiable. All of the answers are correct. He changed his analysis of patients' behaviors after colleagues reacted critically to his work. It was not based on data.
All of the answers are correct.
Why was Thales an important philosopher in the course of western philosophy. He said substances are not governed by the whims of gods. All of the answers are correct. He was a cosmologist. He emphasized natural explanations.
All of the answers are correct.
Why was Thales an important philosopher in the course of western philosophy. He said substances are not governed by the whims of gods. He was a cosmologist. All of the answers are correct. He emphasized natural explanations.
All of the answers are correct.
Wundt: Divided mental experience into sensations and feeling. All of the answers are correct. Was the founder of the school of voluntarism. Was the founder of psychology as an independent discipline.
All of the answers are correct.
For James, the stream of consciousness: Serves to distract humans from the outside world. Is an epiphenomenon (side effect). Allows for adjustment to the environment. Denies free will.
Allows for adjustment to the environment.
One of the persistent questions of importance humans have asked about existence is: What can I do about this feeling of uncertainty? Am I going to die one day? Do my family members hate me? Am I free to do as I please despite the influences around me?
Am I free to do as I please despite the influences around me?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functionalism? An interest in the structure of mental elements An interest in the function of mental activity An interest in both behavior and mental activity An interest in individual differences
An interest in the structure of mental elements
The difference between animism and anthropomorphism is: Animism has to do with nature being animalistic and anthropomorphism has to do with analyzing past human cultures. Anthropomorphism has to do with nature being animalistic and animism has to do with analyzing past human cultures. Animism has to do with nature being alive and anthropomorphism has to do with attributing human qualities onto things in nature. Anthropomorphism has to do with nature being alive and animism has to do with attributing human qualities onto things in nature.
Animism has to do with nature being alive and anthropomorphism has to do with attributing human qualities onto things in nature.
According to the Renaissance humanists, whose philosophy was exploited by the Church to force congregants into strict dogmatic practices? Augustine's Petrarch's Plato's Aristotle's
Aristotle's
What analogy did Hobbes use to describe complex thought processes? As "dominoes of realizations" As "trains of thought" As "rivers of sensations" All of the answers are correct.
As "trains of thought"
James is holding 10 pounds in one hand. According to Weber's Law, how many pounds does he need to be holding in the other hand to tell it is heavier? Weber's Laws does not address weight At least 13 pounds At least 10.8 pounds At least 10.3 pounds
At least 10.3 pounds
The primary goal of human existence according to St. _____ is to enter into an emotional union with God.
Augustine
According to Muslim philosopher _____, the active human intellect was the mechanism by which humans enter into a relationship with God.
Avicenna
Skinner's version of the scientific method was most influenced by: Bacon and Mach. The Vienna Circle and Bridgman. Galileo and Newton. Descartes.
Bacon and Mach.
Ebbinghaus developed and studied: Minimalist artistic concepts. The science of the soul. The effect of monads on memory. Basic descriptions of memory that are the foundations of contemporary memory theory.
Basic descriptions of memory that are the foundations of contemporary memory theory.
According to Berkeley, for something to exist, it must: Consist of matter. Have material existence separate from God. Consist of primary, objective qualities. Be perceived.
Be perceived.
Which of the following include the early explanations for mental illness listed in your textbook? Biological, psychological, psychopathic Spiritual, psychopathic, psychological Biological, elemental. supernatural Biological, psychological, supernatural.
Biological, psychological, supernatural.
According to Spencer, everything began as an undifferentiated whole and through evolution, what happened? Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct. Increasing complexity Differentiation
Both answers are correct.
What are some exceptions to the general definition of mental illness? -When behavior is harmful to one's self but overwhelmingly accepted/expected according to that person's cultural standards. -Both answers are correct. -When behavior is harmful to others but overwhelmingly accepted/expected according to the persons' cultural standards. -Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
Why do we study the history of psychology? Both answers are correct. It can be a source for ideas. To gain a deeper understanding of the field. Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
Act psychology, as developed by _____ emphasized the study of mental _____. Brentano; processes Freud; mistakes Wundt; structures Stumpf; elements
Brentano; processes
Act psychology, as developed by _____ emphasized the study of mental _____. Stumpf; elements Brentano; processes Wundt; structures Freud; mistakes
Brentano; processes
The personal and collective unconscious are associated with which psychologist? Alfred Adler Karen Horney Anna Freud Carl Jung
Carl Jung
_____ headed the commission that investigated Clever Hans. His student _____ was one of the scientists who conducted the investigation. Carl Stumpf; Oskar Pfungst Carl Stumpf; Oswald Kulpe Oskar Pfungst; Edmund Husserl Oskar Pfungst; Carl Stumpf
Carl Stumpf; Oskar Pfungst
_____ headed the commission that investigated Clever Hans. His student _____ was one of the scientists who conducted the investigation. Oskar Pfungst; Carl Stumpf Oskar Pfungst; Edmund Husserl Carl Stumpf; Oswald Kulpe Carl Stumpf; Oskar Pfungst
Carl Stumpf; Oskar Pfungst
Please watch the video of a toddler learning to talk and answer the following question. https://youtu.be/_IQjTfTLC-I (Links to an external site.) Unlike Skinner, ---- believes language is not a function of the ------ but built into the human ------- . (Note: This question is in development. If you believe you got the answers correct but they were marked wrong, please contact your instructor.)
Chomsky, environment, brain
Unlike most Rationalists, Spinoza was a hedonist. For him, the highest pleasure was what? Physical pleasure Clear ideas Communion with wine Sex, drugs and rock and roll
Clear ideas
According to the Gestaltists, the existence of a problem creates _____, which is continued until the problem is solved. A mental set Cognitive disequilibrium or tension A behavioral environment A cognitive map
Cognitive disequilibrium or tension
Tim suffers from a mental illness. If the people helping Tim use a lock of hair cut from his head in a potion they believe will help him, what are they employing in their approach to helping Tim? A supernatural approach (generally) and contagious magic (specifically) Homeopathic magic Contagious magic A supernatural approach
Correct! A supernatural approach (generally) and contagious magic (specifically)
Witch hunts in Europe between about 1450 and 1750 C.E. are associated with what? A psychological approach to mental illness A cognitive approach to human behavior A supernatural approach to mental illness A Freudian approach to human behavior
Correct! A supernatural approach to mental illness
According to Helmholtz, the job of the mind was to: Present a conception of reality that was independent of sensory information. Passively record and store the information furnished by the senses. Create a functional view of reality with the information furnished by the senses. Form a link with God.
Create a functional view of reality with the information furnished by the senses.
"Freudian psychology violates Popper's falsification principle." This is a: Critique and problem with Freudian psychology. Strength of Freudian psychology. Reason Freudian psychology is considered so scientific. Good scientific aspect of Freudian psychology.
Critique and problem with Freudian psychology.
"Freudian psychology violates Popper's falsification principle." This is a: Good scientific aspect of Freudian psychology. Strength of Freudian psychology. Reason Freudian psychology is considered so scientific. Critique and problem with Freudian psychology.
Critique and problem with Freudian psychology.
How did Darwin's work contribute to the decline of Structuralism as Titchener advocated it? Darwin's work suggested we can learn about human behavior by studying plant behavior. Darwin's work suggested we can learn about humans by studying other animals. Darwin's work suggested we cannot learn about human behavior by studying plant behavior. Darwin's work suggested we cannot learn about humans by studying other animals.
Darwin's work suggested we can learn about humans by studying other animals.
Two of your roommates are discussing how best to answer complex questions about the world around us. The first roommate says, "Once you figure out the answer to one question, you can logically use that information to deduce answers to similar questions." Your second roommate responds, "But that can lead you to inaccurate answers. The more sure-fire way is to ask small, individual questions and build upon them until you've answered the question accurately, and you do that for all questions." In this scenario, the first roommate engages in what kind of reasoning? Reduction Deduction Induction Conclusion
Deduction
What involves predicting a specific event based on a principle? Conduction Deduction Reduction Induction
Deduction
The assumption that the universe is lawful is: Determinism Causality Universality Assumptionism
Determinism
Anna Freud extended her father's line of work into what area? Clinical psychology Developmental psychology Gestalt psychology Criminal psychology
Developmental psychology
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital are Freud's: Developmental stages. Three parts of the personality. Defense mechanisms. Therapeutic methods.
Developmental stages.
The statement "Each sensory nerve responds in its own characteristic way no matter how it is stimulated" summarizes the: Doctrine of specific nerve energies. Principle of conservation of energy. The law of effect. Weber Law.
Doctrine of specific nerve energies.
Parallelism is a variety of: Dualism Materialism Antitheism Monism
Dualism
Sociobiology was founded by: E. O. Wilson, the ant biologist. Roger Sperry, the split brain guy. B. F. Skinner, the operant guy. Donald Hebb, the cell assembly gu
E. O. Wilson, the ant biologist.
Which scientist is known for introducing the nonsense syllable? Ebbinghaus Fechner Stumpf Locke
Ebbinghaus
Which current psychologist demonstrated the methods used to "retrieve" repressed memories can create memories of events that did not occur? Mary Whiton-Calkins Ivan Pavlov Anna Freud Elizabeth Loftus
Elizabeth Loftus
Two of your roommates are discussing how best to answer complex questions about the world around us. The first roommate says, "Once you figure out the answer to one question, you can logically use that information to deduce answers to similar questions." Your second roommate responds, "But that can lead you to inaccurate answers. The more sure-fire way is to ask small, individual questions and build upon them until you've answered the question accurately, and you do that for all questions." In this scenario, the second roommate would likely be more receptive to which philosophy? Rationalism Existentialism Empiricism Romanticism
Empiricism
In what way was Empiricism a reaction to Descartes' version of dualism? Empiricists believed the body and the mind were material. Empiricists believed neither the body nor the mind were material. Empiricists believed the body was transcendent and the soul was material. Empiricists believed the church should be the governing body across all of Europe.
Empiricists believed the body and the mind were material.
In what way was Empiricism a reaction to Descartes' version of dualism? Empiricists believed the church should be the governing body across all of Europe. Empiricists believed the body was transcendent and the soul was material. Empiricists believed neither the body nor the mind were material. Empiricists believed the body and the mind were material.
Empiricists believed the body and the mind were material.
When Lamarck saw that fossils of a particular species showed that earlier forms of the species were different from the current form, what did he conclude? The fossils were actually from different kinds of animals Environmental changes were responsible God was responsible Psychological changes were responsible
Environmental changes were responsible
The study of species-specific behavior in an animal's natural habitat is: Ethology. Radical behaviorism. Psychophysics. Existentialism.
Ethology.
The study of species-specific behavior in an animal's natural habitat is: Radical behaviorism. Existentialism. Ethology. Psychophysics.
Ethology.
The branch of psychology that studies evolution's influence on human behavior is: Behavioral engineering. Behavioral genetics. Evolutionary psychology. Psychodynamics.
Evolutionary psychology.
Kierkegaard and Nietzsche are considered examples of what kind of philosophy? (Answer format: One word only, ends in 'ism')
Existentialism
Your friend works in the fashion industry making dresses. He gets paid when he turns his dresses in at the end of each week, independent of how many dresses he completed. What schedule of reinforcement is this? Fixed ratio Fixed interval Variable interval Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Which of the following did Hobbes believe? Humans could be understood using the science of matter and motion. Humans could not be explained by the concepts of matter and motion. Humans are by nature kind, caring, generous and sweet. Government is unnecessary
Humans could be understood using the science of matter and motion.
Who reduced politics, philosophy, religion, and science to psychology? Harley Locke Hobbes Hume
Hume
Who reduced politics, philosophy, religion, and science to psychology? Hume Locke Harley Hobbes
Hume
Binet was opposed to the IQ score and comparisons of test scores because he believed _____ was multifaceted and scores were incorrectly used to rank children.
IQ or Intelligence Quotient
With which part of Freud's tri-part personality is libido associated? Superego Ego Libido is not included in Freud's tri-part personality Id
Id
What did Bacon call biases due to personal intellectual endowment? Idols of the tribe Idols of the marketplace Idols of the cave Idols of the theater
Idols of the cave
What did Bacon call biases due which arise from one's verbal community? Idols of the theater Idols of the cave Idols of the marketplace Idols of the tribe
Idols of the marketplace
Which of the following is one of the major questions St. Paul's interpretations of Christianity left for future philosophers? If faith is so important to salvation, why do we need the Church? If God is omnibenevolent and omnipotent, why does evil exist in the world? All of the questions can be asked of St. Paul's version of Christianity. If God is omniscient and omnipotent, where does that mean for clergy?
If God is omnibenevolent and omnipotent, why does evil exist in the world?
What was St. Augustine's view of pagan traditions? If one was living those traditions, it was acceptable, but if one was using those traditions toward a Christian end, they were unacceptable. If one did not believe in the traditions, it was acceptable to engage in them. If one was living those traditions, it was unacceptable, but if one was using those traditions toward a Christian end, they were acceptable. If one believed in the traditions, it was unacceptable to engage
If one was living those traditions, it was unacceptable, but if one was using those traditions toward a Christian end, they were acceptable.
According to Hume, which are stronger and more vivid? Both answers are correct. Ideas Neither answer is correct. Impressions
Impressions
According to Hume, which are stronger and more vivid? Ideas Both answers are correct. Impressions Neither answer is correct.
Impressions
Pythagoras postulated the basic explanation for everything in the universe could be found: In analysis and theoretical contemplation. In numbers and numerical relationships. Pythagoras was not interested in a basic explanation. In emotions and emotional connections.
In numbers and numerical relationships.
Which of the follow were all major themes of the Renaissance? Personal religion, interest in the past, anti-Platonism Protestantism, anti-Aristotelianism, interest in the past Individualism, interest in the past, and personal religion Individualism, Protestantism, anti-Aristotelianism
Individualism, interest in the past, and personal religion
Two of your roommates are discussing how best to answer complex questions about the world around us. The first roommate says, "Once you figure out the answer to one question, you can logically use that information to deduce answers to similar questions." Your second roommate responds, "But that can lead you to inaccurate answers. The more sure-fire way is to ask small, individual questions and build upon them until you've answered the question accurately, and you do that for all questions." In this scenario, the second roommate engages in what kind of reasoning? Deduction Conclusion Reduction Induction
Induction
What involves only the facts of observation? Deduction Conduction Reduction Induction
Induction
When Descartes reflected on the thoughts he experienced as extremely clear and discrete but felt he had not experienced any real-world interaction to bring them about, what did he assume these ideas were? Learned Innate Material Intuitive
Innate
Locke attacked Descartes' notions about what? Innate ideas Innate ideas and innate moral principles None of the answers is correct. Innate moral principles
Innate ideas and innate moral principles
Regarding psychology, Galileo concluded: It was impossible to study scientifically because psychology involves secondary qualities. A science of psychology was possible because psychology involves secondary qualities. It was composed of primary qualities. It could be studied scientifically.
It was impossible to study scientifically because psychology involves secondary qualities.
The father of American psychology is generally considered to be: Hall. Watson. James. Dewey.
James
The father of American psychology is generally considered to be: James. Dewey. Watson. Hall.
James.
Maijor figure head of Romanticism
Jean Jaques Rousseau -orphaned and then taken in by rich old woman to be educated and sleep with her -said philosophers miss point of what we do as human beings (lots of emotion and intutition) -reaction to rationalism and empiricism
This is a photograph of which prominent psychologist? B. F. Skinner Sigmund Freud Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget
The personal and collective unconscious are associated with which psychologist? (Answer format: Last name only)
Jung
Whose work attempted to integrate rationalism and empiricism? Hume Skinner Leibniz Kant
Kant
Which pair of psychologists did research demonstrating racial segregation damaged both minority and majority children? Kenneth and Mamie Clark Sigmund and Anna Freud Ernie and Julie Vargas Criss and Chelsea Wilhite
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
When people refer to the "cognitive revolution," they are referencing whose ideas about the sociology of science? Popper Hegel Newton Kuhn
Kuhn
Jung's collective unconscious is most similar to who's idea of inheritance?(Answer format: Last name only, no possessive)
Lamarck
Prior to charles Darwin there were number of people who had ideas of how things change overtime
Lamarck
The _____ asserts all cognitive experience will tend to be as organized, symmetrical, simple, and regular as can be given the pattern of brain activity at any given moment. Law of Pragnanz Principle of inclusiveness Constancy hypothesis Principle of continuity
Law of Pragnanz
Who used this figure to help describe the influences over any given person's behavior? Lewin Skinner Grant Hobbes
Lewin
Which of the following beliefs characterizes Stoicism? Any belief could be wrong. Pleasure results from having one's needs met. Self-sufficiency is happiness. Living in accordance with nature is the highest virtue.
Living in accordance with nature is the highest virtue.
The Constitution of the United States of America was heavily influenced by whose work? Berkeley's Reid's Hobbes' Locke's
Locke's
Descartes believed humans are born knowing certain things; these are called innate ideas. What was Locke's reaction to this premise? Locke's work was a reaction against Descartes' innate ideas. Locke's work had nothing to do with innate ideas. Locke's work was designed to confirm Descartes' innate ideas. Locke's work was designed to further Descartes' innate ideas.
Locke's work was a reaction against Descartes' innate ideas.
The philosophical predecessors of American functionalism include: Locke, the Common Sense folks from Scotland, Darwin and William James. Descartes, Wilhelm Wundt, Titchner, and Freud. Kierkegaard, Kant and Nietzsche. Skinner, Tolman and Guthrie.
Locke, the Common Sense folks from Scotland, Darwin and William James.
Who maintained it was permissible for husbands whose wives refused to engage in sexual relations with them to seek other sexual partners? Kant Erasmus Luther Locke
Luther
What is the origin of the name Protestantism? Erasmus' protest of what he saw as society's failings Petrarch's protest of what he saw as society's failings Calvin's protest of what he saw as the Church's failings Luther's protest of what he saw as the Church's failings
Luther's protest of what he saw as the Church's failings
In the 20th century, Bacon's approach to science would influence: Metaphysical philosophy. Romanticism. Idol worship. Machian positivists, Einstein and Skinner.
Machian positivists, Einstein and Skinner.
For people who believe an array of spirits with human qualities exist, what does your textbook call the elaborate methods aimed at influencing those spirits? Magic Mysticism Olympian beliefs Thalian practices
Magic
Clark Hull used the mathematico-deductive method. This means: Mathematical theoretical terms that are validated by research strengthen the theory, those that are not call for theory refinement. He believed only ideas that are illogical can be incorporated into psychology. Induction is the most important process of science. Logic could be used with hypothetical data to completely explain behavior.
Mathematical theoretical terms that are validated by research strengthen the theory, those that are not call for theory refinement.
Which of the early behaviorists embraced both instincts and goal-directed behavior? McDougall Lewin Pavlov Watson
McDougall
What did Fechner find that suggested a science of psychology was possible? Physical events translate unsystematically to mental events. The mind and body do not work together. Sensation could not be measured. Mental and physical events varied together in a systematic way.
Mental and physical events varied together in a systematic way.
According to Leibniz, everything in the world consisted of living, conscious atoms, which he called: Ideas. Godicles. Primary qualities. Monads.
Monads.
Which of the following people did not believe humans were the most superior of animals? Montaigne and Erasmus Galileo and Aristotle Ptolemy and Aristarchus Luther and Calvin
Montaigne and Erasmus
The four stages of early psychology in the United States are, in order,: Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, Functionalism, The U.S. Renaissance Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism Moral and mental philosophy, Functionalism, The U.S. Renaissance, Intellectual philosophy Intellectual philosophy, Moral and mental philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism
Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism
The four stages of early psychology in the United States are, in order,: Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism Intellectual philosophy, Moral and mental philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, Functionalism, The U.S. Renaissance Moral and mental philosophy, Functionalism, The U.S. Renaissance, Intellectual philosophy
Moral and mental philosophy, Intellectual philosophy, The U.S. Renaissance, Functionalism
Piaget's scientific interests began with mollusks. By his late teens, he had authored how many scientific publications? More than 20 72 Seven Twelve
More than 20
Woodworth used the term "dynamic psychology" because he was interested in: Motivation. Dramatic mood swings. Changes across an individual's lifetime. Why some people change more than others.
Motivation.
While Western Europe was in the Dark Ages (ca. 400-1000), _____ philosophy, science, and theology flourished.
Muslim
When Neoplatonism first appeared in early Rome, it stressed the _____ aspects of Plato's philosophy over the more rational ones. Correct!
Mystical
Another name for direct realism is: Naïve realism. Permanent realism. Directable reality. Unexperienced reality perception.
Naïve realism.
The position that there can be no objective way of determining knowledge or truth is called: Apathy Determinism Nihilism Dualism
Nihilism
Does acknowledging the importance of sensory experience alone make one an empiricist? No Yes
No
Those who said that concepts were nothing more than convenient verbal labels for events that had similarities were: Nativists. Rationalists. Realists. Nominalists.
Nominalists
Broca was the first to: Destroy brain cells of humans and study the effects on behavior. Observe a behavioral disorder in a living person and then discover the brain area responsible during an autopsy. Equate cortical size with intelligence. Study the brains of non-human animals to learn about human brains.
Observe a behavioral disorder in a living person and then discover the brain area responsible during an autopsy.
Broca was the first to: Study the brains of non-human animals to learn about human brains. Observe a behavioral disorder in a living person and then discover the brain area responsible during an autopsy. Destroy brain cells of humans and study the effects on behavior. Equate cortical size with intelligence.
Observe a behavioral disorder in a living person and then discover the brain area responsible during an autopsy.
The belief that you must "shave" off unnecessary assumptions is known as what? Occam's razor Principle of Persimmons Occam's shaver Principle of Purslane
Occam's razor
Karen Horney is known for her work: On the psychology of the very old. On the social conditions that make women less powerful. Supporting penis envy in women. On the biological superiority of men.
On the social conditions that make women less powerful.
In their explanation of human cognition and understanding, the Gestaltists emphasized: Perception and insight. Absolute stimulus control. Behavioral trial and error. Reinforcement.
Perception and insight.
Goethe viewed _____ as the ultimate source of happiness. A union with God Material wealth Baby giggles Personal liberty
Personal liberty
For the Gestaltists, the proper subject matter of psychology was: Phenomenological experience. Operant behavior. S-R association. Mental elements.
Phenomenological experience.
The humanists differed from other 20th century American psychologists in that they emphasized: Phenomenology. The scientific method. That we can learn much about humans from other species. Scientific determinism.
Phenomenology
Vedantism, Zoroastrianism, and Magna Mater are what? Practices which would result in the deaths of those practicing them in the Roman Empire. Philosophies rejected by people in the Roman Empire. Philosophies influential in the Roman Empire. Philosophies that eventually turned into modern day science.
Philosophies influential in the Roman Empire.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs included _____ needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. Political Dominant Holistic Physiological
Physiological
Maslow's hierarchy of needs included _____ needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. Political Holistic Physiological Dominant
Physiological
Which of the following presents Maslow's hierarchy of needs in proper order (from the bottom up)? Esteem, physiological, belonging and love, safety, self-actualization Physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, self-actualization Safety, esteem, belonging and love, self-actualization, physiological Safety, physiological, belonging, self-actualization, love
Physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, self-actualization
Even today, all of psychology is behavioristic to the extent that it insists: Only the principles of contiguity and frequency are needed to explain behavior. Cognition is the cause of behavior. Consciousness is an epiphenomenon. Publicly observable phenomena are what must be measured.
Publicly observable phenomena are what must be measured.
Even today, all of psychology is behavioristic to the extent that it insists: Publicly observable phenomena are what must be measured. Consciousness is an epiphenomenon. Cognition is the cause of behavior. Only the principles of contiguity and frequency are needed to explain behavior.
Publicly observable phenomena are what must be measured.
For the Positivist, Comte, we can be certain only of things that are: Publicly observable. Experienced through introspection. Innately known. Divinely inspired.
Publicly observable.
Romanticism was a rebellion against Empiricism, Sensationalism, and _____. (Answer format: One word only, ends in "ism") Correct!
Rationalism
If you believed that moral principles, when properly understood and acted upon, would lead a person to behave morally, you would be a what? Rationalist Empiricist Existentialist Romantic
Rationalist
Skinner's version of behaviorism DIFFERED from others' in that it: Rejected description and induction. Required only behavior be measured. Was theoretical and deductive. Rejected inferred theoretical constructs as causes of behavior.
Rejected inferred theoretical constructs as causes of behavior.
Humanistic psychology has been criticized for: Rejecting science without a replacement for it. Ignoring how people feel. Embracing the scientific method. Using too much animal research.
Rejecting science without a replacement for it.
Philosophically speaking, what time period in Europe was characterized by the slow adoption of observation of nature as a way to answer questions and the letting go of dogmatically held beliefs about the universe? The Greco-Roman period Medieval age Renaissance Crusades
Renaissance
According to _____, the best way to find out what humans were really like was to study the total person, not just the mind. (Answer format: One plural word only, ends in "ism")
Romanticism
While the Existential psychologists of the 18th century were much like the Existential philosophers of the Enlightenment, the Humanist psychologists were more like whom? They had brand new, never-thought-of-before ideas The Greeks and Romans Behaviorists Romanticists
Romanticists
Skinner's radical behaviorism is best summarized by the following: S-R-S in context. S-R. S-O-R. E=(H x D x K) - I.
S-R-S in context.
Which of the following best describes Watson's focus within psychology? S-R. S-O-R. sEr = (sHr x D x K) - I. S-R-S in context.
S-R.
What is missing from Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Esteem needs: prestige and feeling of pride Safety needs: security, safety Esteem needs: belongingness and love Safety desires: love, compassion
Safety needs: security, safety
_____ qualities are purely psychological experiences. Original Primary Tertiary Secondary
Secondary
According to Locke, from where do all ideas come? Sensation and reflection None of the answers is correct. Reflection Sensation
Sensation and reflection
According to Kant, what we experience consciously is a function of: Neither the categories of thought nor sensory experience. The categories of thought alone. Sensory experience and the categories of thought. Sensory experience alone.
Sensory experience and the categories of thought.
What is Petrarch known for? Jump starting modern scientific methodology Rejecting the Church's authority Creating a new, Renaissance philosophy Skepticism toward all forms of dogma
Skepticism toward all forms of dogma
Whose used this device (other than the rat)? Skinner Cattell Hall Thorndike
Skinner
The branch of contemporary psychology that connects most to behavioral genetics is: Sociobiology. Behavioral psychology. Nativism. Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
Sociobiology
Who was known for use of the method called inductive definition? Xenophanes Aristotle Plato Socrates
Socrates
What criticism did Socrates have of the Sophist's ideas on truth? Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that no truth existed beyond personal opinion. Socrates agreed with everything the Sophists said about truth. Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that individual experience was important. Socrates disagreed with everything the Sophists said about truth.
Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that no truth existed beyond personal opinion
What criticism did Socrates have of the Sophist's ideas on truth? Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that individual experience was important. Socrates agreed with everything the Sophists said about truth. Socrates disagreed with everything the Sophists said about truth. Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that no truth existed beyond personal opinion.
Socrates criticized the Sophists' idea that no truth existed beyond personal opinion.
Behavior that is typically engaged in by all members of a species under certain environmental circumstances is called: Ethology. Species-specific behavior. Equipotentiality. Biogrammar.
Species-specific behavior.
Roger Sperry is best known for his study of: Culture. Behavioral genetics. Split-brain. Evolutionary theory.
Split-brain.
Roger Sperry is best known for his study of: Split-brain. Behavioral genetics. Evolutionary theory. Culture.
Split-brain.
Who said, "I doubt, therefore I am," and, "God, grant me chastity, only, not yet?"
St. Augustine
Whose philosophy left later thinkers asking the question, if your salvation is a gift from God and not tied to your behavior, what prevents people from behaving immorally? Avicenna's Emperor Constantine's St. Augustine's St. Paul's
St. Augustine's
Whose philosophy left later thinkers asking the question, if your salvation is a gift from God and not tied to your behavior, what prevents people from behaving immorally? St. Augustine's St. Paul's Emperor Constantine's Avicenna's
St. Augustine's
S-O-R is used to symbolically depict which of the following? Stimulus-organism-response Stimulus-operant-responding Stimulus-organism-reflex Soul-orientation-religion
Stimulus-organism-response
In which philosophy would you most likely hear this sentence, "Whatever happens, happens for a reason, accept it?" You Answered
Stoics
Lewin emphasized psychologists should attempt to understand people by: Using an Aristotelian approach. Studying dynamic fields that motivate us. Doing personality analyses. Studying their essences.
Studying dynamic fields that motivate us
Of the early explanations for mental illness listed in your textbook, which approach was most common in Europe during the Middle Ages? Supernatural Biological One not listed here. Psychological
Supernatural
Who was the first to emphasize natural explanations? Thales Plato Democritus Descartes
Thales
Like Spinoza, Hegel saw all existence as an interrelated unity. Unlike Spinoza, Hegel called this whole: The dialectic process. God. The form. The Absolute.
The Absolute.
Like Spinoza, Hegel saw all existence as an interrelated unity. Unlike Spinoza, Hegel called this whole: The form. God. The dialectic process. The Absolute.
The Absolute.
In which publication did Darwin directly compare the descent and behavior of humans with that of other animals? The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals The Descent of Man Geology of South America On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
As far as historians can determine, who first recorded the idea that living things change in some systematic way over time? Charles Darwin The ancient Greeks Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Erasmus Darwin
The ancient Greeks
Watson's lecture and publication of "Psychology as the Behaviorist View It" marks: The beginning of behaviorism. The end of his academic career. The beginning of neobehaviorism. The end of functionalism.
The beginning of behaviorism.
With which of the following statements would the determinist agree? Free will is the cause of bio-environmental interactions. The causes of all thought and behavior are found in the natural world. Other than reflexes and respondent behavior, behavior is freely chosen. Mental events are not part of the physical world.
The causes of all thought and behavior are found in the natural world.
Who first (to the best of our knowledge) described the debate concerning universalism versus relativism. The early Greek philosophers The early Islamic scholars The late Roman politicians The Christian theologians
The early Greek philosophers
Who first (to the best of our knowledge) described the debate concerning universalism versus relativism. The late Roman politicians The Christian theologians The early Islamic scholars The early Greek philosophers
The early Greek philosophers
Who was Alan Turing? The father of behaviorism The father of social psychology The father of social psychology in France The father of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The father of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Bacon advocated for scientists to drop all preconceived notions about their subject matter and simply observe facts. This makes him a proponent of what? The deductive approach to answering questions The inductive approach to answering questions The methodological approach to answering questions All of the answers are correct
The inductive approach to answering questions
Lamarckian evolution refers to the theory of: How non-living entities become living ones The inheritance of acquired (learned or developed) characteristics The belief that power in society is selected The natural selection of some forms and not others
The inheritance of acquired (learned or developed) characteristics
Which aspect of Aristotle's philosophy became the cornerstone of most modern theories of learning and memory? The laws of association (contiguity, similarity, and contrast) The geocentric view of the universe The explanation of dreams The hierarchy plants and animals
The laws of association (contiguity, similarity, and contrast)
Which aspect of Aristotle's philosophy became the cornerstone of most modern theories of learning and memory? The laws of association (contiguity, similarity, and contrast) The hierarchy plants and animals The geocentric view of the universe The explanation of dreams
The laws of association (contiguity, similarity, and contrast)
According to Lewin, the totality of the psychological facts that exist in one's awareness at any given moment is: The life space. Physics. The law of Pragnanz. The Zeigarnik effect.
The life space.
Whom did Schopenhauer believe experienced suffering the most? The dim-witted The most intelligent The poor Men
The most intelligent
The Bell-Magendie Law, or Law of Forward Direction, describes what phenomenon? The motor function of ventral roots The motor function of ventral roots and the sensory function of dorsal roots in spinal nerves The sensory function of ventral roots and the motor function of dorsal roots in spinal nerves The sensory function of dorsal roots in spinal nerves
The motor function of ventral roots and the sensory function of dorsal roots in spinal nerves
If, due to what we would call an optical illusion, you see movement where none really exists, a Gestalt psychologist would call this: A schedule of reinforcement The phi phenomenon The constancy hypothesis The Law of Pragnatz
The phi phenomenon
If, due to what we would call an optical illusion, you see movement where none really exists, a Gestalt psychologist would call this: The phi phenomenon The constancy hypothesis The Law of Pragnatz A schedule of reinforcement
The phi phenomenon
Which of the following assumptions did Chomsky make? Skinner was correct in his analysis of verbal behavior. Animal research is the basis for our understanding of language. Any animal can learn language as easily as humans. The principles of learning and behavior could not explain language.
The principles of learning and behavior could not explain language.
What do John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr have in common? They founded and promoted the Chicago school of functionalism. They all studied at Harvard with Freud. They were all early behaviorists. They were all Europeans who came to the US because of the Nazis.
They founded and promoted the Chicago school of functionalism.
What do John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr have in common? They were all Europeans who came to the US because of the Nazis. They all studied at Harvard with Freud. They founded and promoted the Chicago school of functionalism. They were all early behaviorists.
They founded and promoted the Chicago school of functionalism.
f you met this man in a coffee house and struck up a conversation, what kind of answer would he give to the question, "Why are the earth's current animal species the way they are?" They emerged from the mud flats and changed slowly over time to look the way they do now. They inherited traits and characteristics from their ancestors that their parents developed during their lifetimes by using them or not using them. God created them as they are now. They inherited traits and characteristics from their ancestors that operated in the environment such that those ancestors lived and had babies.
They inherited traits and characteristics from their ancestors that operated in the environment such that those ancestors lived and had babies.
Johann F. Herbart moved German psychology in the direction of Empiricism. This statement is true. This statement is false. This statement is true but only in a metaphysical sense. This statement is false but only in a spiritual sense.
This statement is true.
Whose doctoral dissertation was the first in psychology to use nonhuman subjects? Thorndike Skinner Cattell Hall
Thorndike
In the U.S., some of Wundt's ideas were introduced by: Titchner. Locke. Stumpf. Fechner.
Titchner.
Why do we study the history of psychology? To re-explain old problems in a new way. To understand how cognition relates to spirit. To gain a deeper understanding of the field. To gain a better knowledge of globalism
To gain a deeper understanding of the field.
E. C. Tolman: Treated cognitive events as causal events that intervene between environmental events and overt behavior. Treated cognitive events as epiphenomena. Rejected cognitive events as causal agents. Stated learning is described accurately by measuring performance.
Treated cognitive events as causal events that intervene between environmental events and overt behavior.
Please watch the video of a toddler learning to talk and answer the following question. https://youtu.be/_IQjTfTLC-I (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Skinner would say this type of situation (along with a few others), repeated often enough in enough varieties of situations is how humans learn language. True False
True
Please watch the video of a toddler learning to talk and answer the following question. https://youtu.be/_IQjTfTLC-I (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Skinner would say this type of situation (along with a few others), repeated often enough in enough varieties of situations is how humans learn language. True False
True
True or False? The humanistic movement was a reaction against the psychodynamic view of humanity. True False
True
True or false: Kierkegaard believed truth was subjective. True False
True
What did Helmholtz call the process by which the remnants of past experience are added to sensations resulting in "perceptions?" Unconscious interference Conscious inference Unconscious inference Conscious interference
Unconscious inference
What did Helmholtz call the process by which the remnants of past experience are added to sensations resulting in "perceptions?" Unconscious interference Conscious interference Unconscious inference Conscious inference
Unconscious inference
If you are training a dog to sit, at first you give him a treat every time he sits on command; this is a continuous schedule of reinforcement. After he sits on command reliably, you only give him a treat, on average, every fourth time he sits on command. What schedule is this? Variable ratio Fixed interval Fixed ratio Variable interval
Variable ratio
If you are training a dog to sit, at first you give him a treat every time he sits on command; this is a continuous schedule of reinforcement. After he sits on command reliably, you only give him a treat, on average, every fourth time he sits on command. What schedule is this? Fixed ratio four (FR4) Fixed interval four (FI4) Variable interval (VI4) Variable ratio (VR4)
Variable ratio (VR4)
In On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Darwin says _____. Humans are different from other animals in that they didn't change over time as the result of selection None of the answers are correct. Humans are like other animals in that they changed over time as a result of selection Very little about humans
Very little about humans
In On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Darwin says _____. Humans are like other animals in that they changed over time as a result of selection None of the answers are correct. Very little about humans Humans are different from other animals in that they didn't change over time as the result of selection
Very little about humans
The _____ maintained life could not be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical properties alone. Antivitalists Physiologists Vitalists Materialists
Vitalists
The _____ maintained life could not be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical properties alone. Materialists Vitalists Physiologists Antivitalists
Vitalists
Pavlov's work heavily influenced _____ who did work conditioning emotions— famously fear—in humans.
Watson
The father of American behaviorism is generally considered to be: James. Watson. Skinner. Dewey.
Watson
The father of American behaviorism is generally considered to be: Watson. James. Dewey. Skinner.
Watson.
Third force psychologists sought to understand: Cures for illness. Ways to support people to become comfortable, healthy and happy. The unconscious motives for human behavior. The causes of behavior that are in the environment.
Ways to support people to become comfortable, healthy and happy.
Most humanist psychologists would agree: We are unique and capable of pondering our existence and giving it meaning. There is great continuity between humans and non-humans. We must study humans using the scientific methods of the 21st Psychologists should focus on curing the mentally ill.
We are unique and capable of pondering our existence and giving it meaning.
_____ can be considered the first quantitative (mathematical) law in psychology. The Bell-Magendie law The law of parsimony The law of forward conduction Weber's law
Weber's law
The sensationalists and the empiricists: Were as different from each other as they both were from the rationalists. Were more similar than different. Were more different than similar. Were exactly the same.
Were more similar than different.
The oldest founder of the Gestalt School was: Werthheimer. Koffka. Kohler. Lewin.
Werthheimer.
Which of the following describes the idea that all of modern psychology ascribes to at least some aspects of behaviorism? What psychologists measure are overt or publicly observable phenomena Consciousness is the ultimate topic of investigation Consciousness is an epiphenomenon. What psychologists measure are covert or private phenomena
What psychologists measure are overt or publicly observable phenomena
In the Dionysiac-Orphic religion, what did transmigration of the soul mean? None of the answers is right. When a divine soul committed a sin, it was locked into a physical body as punishment. When a good person wanted to join the divine world, they had to complete a set of tasks. When a god wanted to join the earthly world, they gave up divinity.
When a divine soul committed a sin, it was locked into a physical body as punishment.
According to Kurt Lewin, approach-approach conflict is best described as: When a person is attracted to two goals at the same time. When a person is repelled by two goals at the same time. When a person is attracted to and repelled by the same goal at the same time. Lewin didn't discuss conflict.
When a person is attracted to two goals at the same time.
Which of the following is NOT one of the persistent questions asked by humans (including psychologists): What is the nature of human nature? What accounts for the unity and continuity of experience? Why are humans such emotional beings? To what extent is human behavior freely chosen as opposed to determined?
Why are humans such emotional beings?
Who introduced the term "mental age?" William Stern Joe Stern Wilhelm Wundt Clark Wissler
William Stern
Galton measured intelligence using sensory and motor tests. Cattell's student, _____, found these tests were not correlated with success in later life. Stern Binet Terman Wissler
Wissler
According to Kuhn, the set of beliefs and assumptions accepted by a group of scientists is called: a paradigm. a metaphysical orientation. the religious component of science. a correlational law.
a paradigm.
The early Greeks referred to a substance from which everything else is derived as: a physis. a spirit. a universal. a basic.
a physis.
The early Greeks referred to a substance from which everything else is derived as: a universal. a spirit. a physis. a basic.
a physis.
"Lamarckian evolution" refers to the theory of the inheritance of _____ (learned or developed) characteristics.
acquired
According to Popper, the theories of Freud and Adler cannot be considered scientific because they: make too many risky predictions. are too easily falsified. are not falsifiable. make no predictions.
are not falsifiable.
Watson's lecture and publication of "Psychology as the Behaviorist View It" marks the _____ of behaviorism. (Answer format: One word only)
beginning
Pavlov's contribution to psychology includes the discovery and investigation of _____ conditioning.
classical
Which of the following best allows us to make predictions even when we don't know causal relationships? correlations manipulating variables null results descriptions
correlations
Rationalism
not just pause at active mind involve logic and reason -math -empiricism
Someone is having _____ if their beliefs are not shared by other members of the community. (Note: Provide answer in plural form.)
delusions
Pythagoras believed the abstract world to be better than the physical one. His clear-cut mind-body division is called what? deism idealism divisionism dualism
dualism
Pythagoras believed the abstract world to be better than the physical one. His clear-cut mind-body division is called what? divisionism dualism idealism deism
dualism
St. Paul valued _____ above reason.
faith
According to Aristotle, the purpose for which an object exists, its entelechy, is its _____ cause. final formal material efficient
final
According to Aristotle, the purpose for which an object exists, its entelechy, is its _____ cause. efficient formal material final
final
Someone is experiencing _____ if they are seeing or hearing things that no one else is able to detect. (Note: Provide answer in plural form.)
hallucinations
Unlike Plato, which of the following was true of Aristotle's philosophy? he explained the world via actions of the gods he assumed knowing was a matter of remembering the contents of the soul. he assumed knowledge could be attained by studying nature he assumed the body was a hindrance to knowledge
he assumed knowledge could be attained by studying nature
Social contract and Emilie
how government should organize groups and who should be in group
Plato and Aristotle were interested in truths that go beyond the surface appearance of the world. Both believed essences of things existed but they differed on how humans can know those essences. Plato believed that to know essences, you had to ------ sensory experience. Aristotle believed you could only learn about essences if you ------ sensory experience. (Use one word per blank, please, no more.)
ignore, believe
McDougall's brand of behaviorism emphasized goal-directed behavior and _____. (Answer format: One plural word only, begins with 'i')
instincts
McDougall's brand of behaviorism emphasized goal-directed behavior and _____. (Answer format: One plural word only, begins with 'i') Correct!
instincts
According to depictions shown in your textbook, this figure best illustrates what philosophy? idealism double aspectism interactionsim paralellism
interactionsim
functionakism
interested less in structre of brain but liked thoughts and led to behaviorism
For Hume, a causal relationship: involves inner force. involves an entity in control of events. is a push-pull force relationship. is a consistently observed relationship among events.
is a consistently observed relationship among events.
sensationalism
like emprircism (belief that you learn things through sensory expereince) but french much more extreme in that approach than british everything we learn after we are born comes fromf our body interactiong with environment.
Parmenides used _____ to defend his position that change was an illusion. empirical observation (data) tradition logic faith
logic
Psychopathology and abnormal behavior are synonyms for the phrase _____ illness.
mental
Neoplatonism is defined as a renewed interest in Plato's philosophy. However, when it first appeared in early Rome, it stressed the _____ aspects of Plato's philosophy over the more rational ones. mystical sensory infantile apathetic
mystical
Neoplatonism is defined as a renewed interest in Plato's philosophy. However, when it first appeared in early Rome, it stressed the _____ aspects of Plato's philosophy over the more rational ones. sensory apathetic mystical infantile
mystical
When Neoplatonism first appeared in early Rome, it stressed the _____ aspects of Plato's philosophy over the more rational ones.
mystical
Those who said concepts were nothing more than convenient verbal labels for events that had similarities were _____.
nominalists
Kuhn believed most scientists spend their professional careers engaged in: non-scientific research such as spiritual investigation. discovering new ideas and formulating new paradigms. normal science, checking predictions of the paradigm of their science. exciting, creative science.
normal science, checking predictions of the paradigm of their science.