Chapter 8-Give Me Liberty

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

War Hawks

A group of westerners and southerners led by John Calhoun and Henry Clay who pushed for war against Britain Hoped that through war, the US would win western, southwestern, and Canadian territories.

protective tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

War of 1812

A war between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. Some call it the 2nd war of independence.

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Report on Manufactures (1791)

Created by Alexander Hamilton, was the 5th part of Hamiltons plan. Wanted an imposition of a tariff (tax on foreign goods) and government subsidies to encourage the development of factories that could manufacture products currently purchased from abroad.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

Drafted by Madison & Jefferson, was very attacking of the Sedition Acts, Virginias called on agents of the federal government to work and band together to protect free speech. Kentucky's went to say that states could nullify laws that were against the constitution. Legislature would pass on these changes.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ended the War of 1812 with Britain cofirming the sovereignty of the United States. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Democratic-Republican Societies

Formed by those that were inspired by the Jacobin Clubs of Paris. would be led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Four measures passed during the undeclared war with France that limited the freedoms of speech and press and restricted the liberty of non citizens. Allowed the US to deport those who were dangerous Could also punish those that critiqued the government.

Pierre-Charles L'Enfant

French Born veteran of the war of independence, would design a grandiose plan for a federal city that was filled with wide boulevards, parks and fountains.

Edmond Genet

French envoy seeking to get support for the french government. Tried to get America to Attack the British.

XYZ Affair (1797)

French foreign minister Tallyrand's three anonymous agents demanded payment from americans to stop French plundering of American ships in 1797; refusal to pay the bribe was followed by two years of undeclared sea war with France

John Jay

From New York, headed the Supreme Court, drafted controversial treaty.

Alexander Hamilton

Headed the treasury department under George Washington. Created the Report on Manufactures. Also created 5 part plan to fix the nations economy. First step was to establish the credit worthiness of America. Second was calling for creation of national debt. Third was creating the Bank of the US, 4th was Raise Revenue, and 5th was raising tariffs

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.

"impressment"

Kidnapping sailors to serve in the navy. Was done by the British

Embargo Act (1807)

Law that forbade American ships from sailing to foreign ports and closed American ports to British ships

Republicans

Led by Madison and Jefferson, were enthusiastic that people should have power. Thought that being friends with french was good.

Thomas Jefferson

Made secretary of state under George Washington

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

President Thomas Jeffersons 1803 purchase from France of the port of New Orleans and 828,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; it more than doubled the territory of the United States at a cost of only $15 million.

strict constructionist

Southerners who supported the new constitution. Insisted that the federal government could only exercise the powers SPECIFICALLY listed in the constitution, Thomas Jefferson was one of these people. Believed that national bank was unconstitutional

Federalists

Supporters of the Washington Administration. Believed in hamiltons economic program and remaining friends with Britian.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Supreme Court case that deemed the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, established judicial review.

Benjamin Banneker

Survey for Pier Charles was an African-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He helped design the capital.

Lewis and Clark

The expedition was commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, consisting of a select group of U.S. Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. Their perilous journey lasted from May 1804 to September 1806. The primary objective was to explore and map the newly acquired territory, find a practical route across the Western half of the continent, and establish an American presence in this territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it.

Pinkey's Treaty

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

Jay's Treaty (1794)

Treaty that said the British would abandon their outposts on the western frontier, the US agreed to favorably treat British imported goods.

John Adams

Vice President Under George Washington

Henry Clay

War Hawk from Kentucky

John C. Calhoun

War Hawk from South Carolina

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. Was published in newspapers.

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

act that opened trade to all nations except France and Britain that reengaged the U.S. in trade while continuing its stance against alliances with France or Britain; repealed in 1810. Didn't help much.

bond speculators

sold their bonds to these people for half the cost of the original bond price to get rid of it

Macon's Bill No. 2 (1808)

Bill that said US would trade exclusively with France or Britain if that country would honor US neutral rights at sea. France said they would, but they lied, still attacking US merchant ships and impressing American sailors.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

British and Americans reinforced the border, shows that the US-Canada border goes through the great lakes, no armed vessels on the great lakes. No armed vessels on the great lakes.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Broke out when Pennyslvania farmers wanted to block taxes on whiskey. 13,000 militia men were dispatched to stop this.