Chapter 8 history vocabulary
Expansionism
extending the nation's boundries
Benjamin Disraeli
forged the Tories into the modern Conservative Party
Capital offenses
included not only murder but also shoplifting, sheep stealing, and impersonating an army veteran
Libel
knowing publication of false and damaging statements
William Gladstone
led the Whigs, which later evolved into the Liberal Party
Segregation
legal separation of the races, in hospitals, schools, and other public places
Rotten boroughs
local landowners that still sent members to Parliament
Home rule
local self-government
Napoleon III
nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, rose to power and set up the Second Empire
Absentee Landlords
owned large estates but did not live on them
Premier
prime minister
Dreyfus Affair
scarred French politics and society for decades. Royalists, ultranationalist, and Church officials charged Dreyfus supporters, or "Dreyfusards," with undermining France
Penal Colonies
settlements for convicts, in the new British territory of Australia
Provisional
temporary
Electorate
the body of people allowed to vote
Abolition movement
the camp again against slavery and the slave trade, slowly took off
Queen Victoria
the greatest symbol in British life, reign was the longest in British history, excised little real political power, she set the tone for what is now called the Victorian age
Manifest Destiny
the idea that Americans claimed that their nation was destined to spread across the entire continent, from sea to sea
Free Trade
trade between countries without quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions
Louisiana Purchase
virtually doubled the size of the nation. Thomas Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana territory from France.
Seceded
withdrew
Secret ballot
would allow people to cast their votes without announcing them publicly
Repeal
cancel
Suez Canal
a building organized by Ferdinand de Lesseps in Egypt to link the Mediterranean with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
Parliamentary Democracy
a form of government in which the executive leaders (usually a prime minister and cabinet) are chosen by and responsible to the legislature (parliament), and are also members of it
Zionism
a movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine
Coalitions
alliances of various parties
