Chapter 8 history vocabulary

Expansionism

extending the nation's boundries

Benjamin Disraeli

forged the Tories into the modern Conservative Party

Capital offenses

included not only murder but also shoplifting, sheep stealing, and impersonating an army veteran

Libel

knowing publication of false and damaging statements

William Gladstone

led the Whigs, which later evolved into the Liberal Party

Segregation

legal separation of the races, in hospitals, schools, and other public places

Rotten boroughs

local landowners that still sent members to Parliament

Home rule

local self-government

Napoleon III

nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, rose to power and set up the Second Empire

Absentee Landlords

owned large estates but did not live on them

Premier

prime minister

Dreyfus Affair

scarred French politics and society for decades. Royalists, ultranationalist, and Church officials charged Dreyfus supporters, or "Dreyfusards," with undermining France

Penal Colonies

settlements for convicts, in the new British territory of Australia

Provisional

temporary

Electorate

the body of people allowed to vote

Abolition movement

the camp again against slavery and the slave trade, slowly took off

Queen Victoria

the greatest symbol in British life, reign was the longest in British history, excised little real political power, she set the tone for what is now called the Victorian age

Manifest Destiny

the idea that Americans claimed that their nation was destined to spread across the entire continent, from sea to sea

Free Trade

trade between countries without quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions

Louisiana Purchase

virtually doubled the size of the nation. Thomas Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana territory from France.

Seceded

withdrew

Secret ballot

would allow people to cast their votes without announcing them publicly

Repeal

cancel

Suez Canal

a building organized by Ferdinand de Lesseps in Egypt to link the Mediterranean with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean

Parliamentary Democracy

a form of government in which the executive leaders (usually a prime minister and cabinet) are chosen by and responsible to the legislature (parliament), and are also members of it

Zionism

a movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine

Coalitions

alliances of various parties