Chapter 8 Key Issue 1
What happened to form modern European states like England, Spain, and France?
A handful of powerful kings emerging as rulers of the estates once ruled by the now fallen Roman Empire
UN Security Council
A part of the UN that is responsible for international peace and security
Monaco is ruled by...
A prince
Most African Countries consider The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a part of Morocco or a sovereign nation?
A sovereign nation
City-state
A sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside. Walls clearly defined the boundaries of the city, and outside the walls the city controlled agricultural land to produce food for urban residents.
Principality
A state ruled by a prince
Nation-state
A state whose territory corresponds with the occupying ethnicity. These nation-states preserve and enhance distinctive cultural characteristics of an ethnicity.
What is Mesopotamia?
A valley formed by the Tigris and Euphrates River. It was at the Eastern End of the Fertile Crescent and is now present day Iraq.
Countries with more than 2 million square miles (in order)
Canada, The United States of America, China, Brazil, Australia
What is the name of the President of Taiwan?
Chiang Kai-Shek
Who are the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council?
China France Russia The United Kingdom The United States of America
Which two countries in the UN Security Council are currently in opposition?
China and Russia, which makes it hard for the UN to prevent Iran from creating nuclear weapons.
China: one state or two?
China and Taiwan
An ancient form of the micro-state, they were small sovereign states with walls and boundaries.
City-state
The first states to evolve in Mesopotamia were called...
City-states
Prior to the 1800's, the world was divided up into...
City-states, empires, kingdoms, and small land areas controlled by a hereditary class of nobles, and much of it was consisted of unorganized territory.
What did the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea do?
Countries had until 2009 to submit claims to territory inside the Arctic Circle. Some of these claims overlap.
Synonym for "State"
Country
The Polisario Front did what?
Declare the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a sovereign nation.
Why is Antartica so special?
It's the only continent that is not ruled by a sovereign state
When was the League of Nations established?
January 10, 1920
Korea was once a colony of who?
Japan
UN membership: 1955
16 countries joined in 1955, mostly European countries that had been liberated from Nazi Germany during WWII
UN membership: 1960
17 new members were added in 1960, all but one a former African colony of Britain or France. Only 4 African states were original members of the UN, and 6 more joined during the 1950's.
What were the three dates/times that UN membership increased rapidly?
1955 1960 1990-1993
As of today, there are about *this many* countries
200
UN membership: 1990-1993
26 countries were added to the UN between 1990 and 1993, primarily due to the break up of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Also, microstates were now permitted to join.
What line of latitude divides North and South Korea?
38ºN
In the 1940's, the world only contained about *this many* countries
50
When did the Roman Empire collapse and why?
5th century after a series of attacks by people living on its frontiers and because of internal disputes.
How many African States joined the UN in the 1950s?
6 African States
Korean War
A 3-year war when North Korea tried to invade South Korea. The war ended in a cease-fire near the 38th parallel
How did China and Taiwan split?
A civil war in the late 1940s between the nationalists and the communists. In 1949, the nationalist leaders lost, they fled to an island off of China's coast, called it Taiwan and declared themselves independent.
Versailles Peace Conference
After WWI, leaders of the victorious countries met up and redrew the map of Europe according to language.
State
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.
United Nations
An international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among its member countries. Seeks to promote international cooperation to address global economic problems, promote human rights, and provide humanitarian relief.
The only large land mass on Earth that is not part of a sovereign state is this region.
Antarctica
After the fall of the Roman Empire, *these* Empires rose up to take its place....
Austrian, French, Ottoman, and Russian Empires
Why does everyone like the Arctic so much?
Because it is rich in energy resources
Fancy name for North Korea
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
What were the 4 African states that were original members of the UN?
Egypt Ethiopia Liberia South Africa
League of Nations
Established after WWI as a peacekeeping organization. The U.S. didn't join even though President Woodrow Wilson initiated the idea. By the 1930's, the axis powers (Italy, Germany, and Japan) had all withdrawn from the group. It obviously failed because there was WWII
The UN was established when and by who?
Established in 1945 by the victorious allies of WWII
What did the Nazis claim that helped them gain more territory
It was all German-speaking land and they should be united under one country
Fancy name for Nazis
German National Socialists
Where does The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic operate?
In the desert east of Morocco's wall
Sovereignty
Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states. In other words, it is rightfully independent and can rule itself.
Many micro-states are...
Islands, which explains both their small size and soverignty
What is the Antarctic Treaty?
It was a treaty signed in 1959 by 47 states. It provided legal framework for managing Antarctica. States may establish research stations there for scientific investigations, but no military activities are permitted.
After WWI there was an attempt at an international organization to maintain peace worldwide. What was the name of this organization created by Woodrow Wilson that would dis-ban in the 1930s.
League of Nations
Smallest state in the United Nations
Monaco (0.6 square miles)
What happened when Mauritania withdrew from the territory?
Morocco claimed it all
The Roman Empire controlled...
Most of Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, from modern-day Spain to Iran and From England to Egypt.
Is the Republic of China part of the UN security council?
No, because the Republic of China is Taiwan, but the People's Republic of China (normal China) is part of the UN security council
Korea: one state or two?
North Korea and South Korea
The reconciliation of North and South Korea were halted by what?
North Korea's decision to build nuclear weapons even though the country lacked the ability to provide its citizens with electricity, food, and other basic needs.
Which two countries joined the UN separately in 1992?
North and South Korea both joined as separate countries.
Fancy name for South Korea
Republic of Korea
Does North Korea and South Korea want to reunite or stay independent from one another?
Reunite into one sovereign nation
Largest state in the world?
Russia 6.6 million square miles 11% of the world's entire land area
The idea that ethnic groups have the right to govern themselves and should therefore be independent states is called...
Self-determination
Most people think of China and Taiwan as separate or together?
Separate sovereign nations
Which one has more economic stability and wealth: North Korea or South Korea?
South Korea
The newest member to the United Nations during this decade is the country known as...
South Sudan
What country controlled the area between Morocco and Mauritania and withdrew in 1976?
Spain
Macro-state
States with very large land areas
Micro-state
States with very small land areas
Mesopotamia was organized into a succession of these empires...
Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians
What is the most populous state NOT in the UN?
Taiwan
According to China...
Taiwan is part of China
According to Taiwan...
Taiwan is separate from China. They believe they are the rightful rulers of all of China and Taiwan, but until they can defeat the communists, they will just rule Taiwan.
What happened in Taiwan, 1991?
Taiwan's president announced that Taiwan would regard itself as an independent and sovereign nation, but China didn't like that too much.
What happened to the European portion of the Roman Empire?
The European portion of the Roman Empire were split into a number of estates that kings, duke, barons, and other nobles fought for.
The development of states can be traced to the ancient Middle East in an area called...
The Fertile Crescent
What was the name of the area that was the center of land and sea communications during the ancient times?
The Fertile Crescent
When the German Democratic Republic died, it was replaced with...
The German Federal Republic
What is sometimes regarded as an extension of the Fertile Crescent?
The Nile River
Fancy name for China
The People's Republic of China
The ancient Fertile Crescent formed an arc between which two bodies of water?
The Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea
Fancy Name for Taiwan
The Republic of China
What is the best example of an Empire as seen in history?
The Roman Empire
Western Sahara: one country or two?
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (aka Western Sahara) and Morocco
Who divided Korea into two parts?
The United States and the Soviet Union
Self-determination
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.
Tuvalu
The island of Tuvalu, with 10,000 inhabitants, became an independent country in 1978. It is the world's fourth-smallest country.
When did the division between North and South Korea become permanent?
The late 1940's after the superpowers established different governments in the two areas and withdrew their armies
What laws/government did the Roman Empire enforce in it's provinces?
The same laws they had in Rome
Morocco has done what to prove it's territory and to keep out rebels?
They built a 1,700 mile wall around the territory
How did the Roman Empire defend itself from it's many neighbors?
They had huge walls surrounding their borders
During the Cold War Era, what did the U.S. and Russia do in the UN?
They used their veto power in the Security Council to keep the UN from intervening.
President Woodrow Wilson and Geographer Isaiah Bowman
Two guys that played an important role of redrawing the map of Europe at the Versailles Peace Conference after WWI
Because a "state" is managed by a national government, laws, army perhaps, and leaders is a good example of which type of region
Uniform/Formal
This region has claimed itself sovereign and an independent state by the Polisario Front also known as Sahrawi Republic and is recognized by most African countries but continues to be controlled by another state?
Western Sahara
When it started, the UN had *this many* members, *this many* were sovereign, and the others were...
When it started, the UN had 51 members, 49 of which were sovereign, and the others were Byelorussia (now Belarus) and Ukraine, which were part of Soviet Russia at the time