chapter 8

Britons used the term constitution to refer to a collection of parliamentary laws, customs, and precedents.

Americans used the term constitution to refer to a collection of parliamentary laws, customs, and precedents.

Which group insisted that an explicit statement of the rights of individuals was necessary to be inserted into the new constitution?

Anti-Federalists

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Northwest Ordinance on Indian tribes living in the region?

By creating an orderly system for incorporating territory into the United States, it exacerbated geographical and social dislocations.

Which of the following were socioeconomic changes precipitated by independence?

Commercial farmers and northern merchants prospered. Workers formed new organizations to secure higher wages. The political and economic prominence of loyalists came to an abrupt end.

In Madison's "Virginia Plan," who or what would elect the executive?

Congress

Which of the following best describes the key source of conflict between eastern and western state legislatures?

Easterners doubted that their less rich and less cultivated western counterparts were fit to rule.

What was the idea of "republican motherhood"?

Educated, independent-minded women would raise informed, republican children.

Which of the following were beliefs of the Anti-Federalists?

Extending a republican government over a large territory would lead to the alienation of representatives from their constituencies. Increasing the power of the central government would lead to corruption. The independence of states should be preserved.

Who presided over the 1787 Philadelphia convention?

George Washington

Which of the following were views of Mary Wollstonecraft as elaborated in her 1792 text A Vindication of the Rights of Women?

Girls should receive training for careers in medicine, business, and politics. Educated women would be valuable assets to their families and to the nation as a whole. Women should not have to rely on marriage for financial security.

The clearly republican phrase "We the People, in Order to form a more perfect Union...," which introduced the Constitution, was the contribution of

Gouverneur Morris.

Which of the following were accomplishments of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

The western frontier was successfully incorporated into the Union. The American system of republican government was extended to the West. Tensions between the East and West were minimized.

At the Constitutional Convention, the compromise over representation stipulated that two representatives to the upper house of Congress would be

appointed by each state legislature.

In 1784 Spain sought to strengthen its position in North America by

attacking American forts close to St. Louis.

Who disputed American western territorial claims?

both Europeans and Indians

At the Philadelphia convention, delegates from the South maintained that their interests could be best defended

by a system of proportional representation in Congress.

In 1784 Spain sought to strengthen its position in North America by

closing the Mississippi River to American navigation.

Southern republican property owners considered those without property to be

dangerous.

Which of the following best describes the republican attitude toward executive power?

distrustful

From the republican point of view in 1776, the most urgent problem confronting any government was how to restrict ______ power.

executive

The founding fathers believed that a single national republic was preferable to a federation of small state republics.

false

In postrevolutionary America, women

found that their rights remained severely limited.

Which of the following rights was granted to married women in the postrevolutionary period?

greater freedom to divorce

In early state constitutions, state governors

held limited powers.

Which of the following did the British do after signing the Treaty of Paris?

instructed Canadians to maintain forts and trading posts within the U.S. northwestern frontier

Which of the following were measures implemented to ensure that state legislatures represented the will of the people?

residency requirements for legislators reduction of property ownership requirements for voters annual elections

Which of the following were provisions of the Bill of Rights?

rights to assemble and bear arms protection against illegal searches and seizures prohibitions against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

The Articles of Confederation granted ______ the power to levy taxes.

state governments

For eighteenth-century republicans property was seen as essential for providing which of the following?

status wealth security

In pre-revolutionary America, the clergy of established religious denominations were supported by

taxes

During the 1780s, representatives of the newer western districts in state legislatures

tended to be economically representative of their districts.

In the post-revolutionary years, the Spanish attempted to strengthen their influence in North America by forging alliances with whom?

the Indians

Under the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty, the United States would relinquish rights to the Mississippi River, and

the Spanish would grant trading privileges to American merchants.

In 1786 Captain Daniel Shays led an armed rebellion demanding

the abolition of the upper house of the Massachusetts state legislature and relief measures for debt-ridden farmers.

Which of the following were provisions of Madison's "Virginia Plan"?

the addition of an executive, who would be elected by Congress the allocation of representatives to both houses of Congress according to population the formation of a central government with legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Which of the following was an important republican reform?

the dismantling of state-supported churches

Most women of the revolutionary period agreed that the appropriate female domain was

the domestic sphere.

The idea of separation of powers was crucial in crafting the Constitution. What powers were separated?

the executive, judicial, and legislative

In the decade after the American Revolution,

the gap between rich and poor increased.

What backed the $400 million that was printed by Congress and the states after the war?

the government's promise to redeem the bills at a later time

All the revolutionaries believed that ______ should rule.

the people

Who or what was to ratify the Constitution?

the people themselves

In Mary Wollstonecraft's view, what was the purpose of women's education at the time (as opposed to what she felt it should be)?

to focus on frivolities that kept them from true achievement

In 1785 the Northwest Territory was surveyed and divided by Congress into six-square-mile_____________

townships

The printing of paper money following the war helped to curb inflation.

true

Which of the following best describes the reactions of southwesterners to the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty?

unconcealed hostility

According to the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the area

was allowed a single representative to Congress who could not vote.

Shays's Rebellion in 1786 revealed the

weakness of the Confederation's reliance on state governments.

Following the American Revolution, the rights of women and African Americans were not considered by most republicans because women and African Americans

were considered inferior & did not own property

Which of the following contributed to the unstable economic conditions after the war?

worthless paper currency demands for repayment from creditors wartime shortage of goods

The Jay-Gardoqui Treaty stipulated that the United States would relinquish all rights to the Mississippi River for ______ years.

25

The convention declared that the Constitution would go into effect after ______ states had approved it.

9

The Northwest Territory was mostly made up by the present-day states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, ____________ _______________-

Michigan and Wisconsin

How, ultimately, was the dispute between landed and landless states settled?

Landless Maryland refused to ratify the Articles unless boundaries were restricted.

Which of the following best describes the dispute between landed and landless states?

Landless states wanted Congress to restrict the boundaries of landed states.

What was the reasoning behind the establishment of the Electoral College?

Ordinary voters, geographically distant from the seat of power, could not know enough about presidential candidates to cast a meaningful vote.

Antislavery societies in the North were first founded by the _______ in 1775

Quakers

Which of the following were adopted as part of the compromise on the issue of representation?

Representation in the lower house of Congress was to be allocated according to population. Slaves would count as three-fifths of a free person in population counts. States would be equally represented in the upper house of Congress.

What revelation, which only came to light after her death, brought an end to many people's favorable opinion of Mary Wollstonecraft?

She had lived with her husband before they were married, and also lived with a previous lover.

The rebels who participated in Shays's Rebellion believed that government existed to protect their

property

James Madison, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, responded to Anti-Federalist concerns in a series of essays known as

The Federalists Papers

Which of the following were measures implemented to ensure a strong and independent executive?

The executive would have the power to tax and to regulate commerce.

How did some planters in the Upper South resolve the conflict of owning slaves while living in a country that had just declared that all men were "created equal"?

They freed their slaves.

Which of the following best characterizes the revolutionaries' approach to attaining equality?

They viewed monarchy and its artificial inequalities as being the greatest threat to liberty.

British imperial intrigues contributed to Congress's decision to grant statehood to which colony in 1791?

Vermont

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Revolution on women?

Women discovered their own skills and resourcefulness by running family farms and businesses.

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Revolution on women?

Women shunned the traditional duties associated with marriage and motherhood.

For a brief time, white property-owning women voted in New Jersey. What allowed this?

a clumsily worded provision in the state constitution

James Madison's vision for the government and structure of the United States can best be described as

a national republic

Anti-Federalists feared rule by

a new aristocracy

Southwestern settlers expressed their dissatisfaction with not being able to legally navigate the Mississippi by threatening to

annex their territory to Spain.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ______ in the Northwest Territory.

limited the spread of slavery

Between 1776 and 1789,

most states, even southern ones, prohibited the importation of slaves.

By 1790, what portion of the new nation's population lived to the west of the Appalachians?

one-third

In the post-revolutionary period, Americans hoped that by restricting the power of the state executive branch, they would

prevent the executive from influencing the legislature.

American revolutionaries insisted on written state constitutions in order to

prevent the government from exceeding its authority.

According to republican ideology following the American Revolution, ______ was the key to independence and power.

property