Chapter 8 (Learn Smart)
A particle of light that acts as a discrete bundle of energy is called ...
a photon.
After absorbing the energy from light, chlorophyll in the reaction center becomes ...
a strong electron donor
Pigments are molecules that ...
absorb light in the visible range
The ATP needed in the Calvin cycle comes from ...
both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation
The solid gray line (has two peaks one of which in the green) on the image shows the absorption spectrum of ...
carotenoids
van Niel introduced the term carbon fixation to denote the process of converting CO2 into organic matter using the __________ and __________ resulting from the splitting of water.
electrons protons
In the light-harvesting complex of chloroplast, it is excitation __________, not the electrons themselves, that pass from one pigment molecule to the next.
energy
The shorter the wavelength of light is, the __________ the produced photoelectric effect is.
greater
The phytol tail of chlorophyll a or b molecule is a long __________ chain with an __________ character.
hydrocarbon hydrophobic
Van Niel demonstrated that purple photosynthetic bacteria convert __________ __________ into globules of pure elemental sulfur which accumulate inside them.
hydrogen sulfide
Longer wavelength radiation contains __________ energy per unit time than shorter wavelength radiation.
less
The role of the __________ - harvesting complex is to directly absorb photons of light.
light
The removal of electrons from certain molecules by a beam of light is also known as the ___________ effect.
photoelectric
In hot and dry conditions, ___________ can reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis by 20%.
photorespiration
In all photosynthetic organism studied to date, except one class of photosynthetic bacteria, light is captured by clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules, which together are called __________.
photosystems
In all photosynthetic organisms studied to date, except one class of photosynthetic bacteria, light is captured by clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules, which together are called __________.
photosystems
In a chlorophyll molecules, an excited electron can follow a path around several atoms in the __________ ring, meaning it is delocalized, and thus able to absorb light energy.
porphyrin
Chlorophyll a molecules are found in a matrix of ...
proteins
The electromagnetic __________ encompasses all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
spectrum
Most plants transport the fixed carbon in the form of the transport sugar ...
sucrose
In a chloroplast, __________ sacs stack on top of each other to form a granum.
thylakoid
The general equation for photosynthesis in green plants is: CO2 + 2H2O + light energy
6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy
Plant cells can produce additional amounts of __________ to fuel the Calvin cycle in a process known as cyclic photophosphorylation.
ATP
This is the general equation for photosynthesis in green plants: CO2+ 2H2O + light energy --> CH2O + O2 + H2O. Which of the following represents the balance products of the reaction if we account for the production of glucose (C6H12O6) from 6 molecules of CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following organism?
Cyanobacteria
What is transferred out of the reaction center?
Excited electrons.
During photosynthesis, a chlorophyll in the reaction center loses its excited electron. How is that electron restored?
From a nearby weak electron donor.
Chlorophyll b has which of the following effects on photosynthesis?
It greatly increases the proportion of the photons in sunlight that plants can harvest.
How is the reaction center positioned in the membrane?
It is a transmembrane complex.
Which of the following happens to the molecule formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate?
It is immediately split into two more stable three carbon molecules.
The cyclic reactions in carbon fixation do not require which of the following?
Light
Which of the following is the source of electrons used to ultimately reduce the C-O bond of PGA?
NADPH
Photosystem I contains the pigment ...
P700
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO2 to a molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate?
PEP carboxylase
In the Calvin cycle CO2 is attached to an organic molecule abbreviated as __________.
PGA
Which of the following can oxidize water, resulting in the release of O2?
Photosystem II
What is the name for the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in promoting photosynthesis?
The action spectrum
The following diagram represents light absorption (Y axis) as a function of wavelength (X axis) of various pigments. Which of the three pigments might have a yellow or red color?
The pigment represented by the gray line
In bacteria, light-dependent reactions take place in which of the following?
The plasma membrane
How are the equation for photosynthesis in plants and the equation for cellular respiration related?
They are the reverse of each other.