Chapter 8 Mastering Biology
10
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.
Which statement describes glycolysis?
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
Glucose is not a usable energy source for most enzymes
Why do cells convert the energy stored in the bonds of glucose into energy stored in the bonds of ATP?
because lactic acid fermentation doesn't produce a gas
Why don't we use bacteria that perform lactic acid fermentation to make bread?
Yeast
Which of the following uses alcohol fermentation in the absence of oxygen?
FADH2
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
Respiration continues to extract energy from pyruvate. In fermentation, pyruvate is wasted.
Why is respiration a better method than fermentation for extracting energy from glucose?
The final product of the process serves as an initial reactant in the process.
Why is the Krebs cycle called a cycle?
glycolysis
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
Oxygen
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
glycolysis and fermentation
A line of mutated yeast cells, called Wee mutants, has no mitochondria. Their name comes from the fact that these cells are very small compared to other yeast cells. Which energy-harvesting processes can Wee mutants perform?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy
Cellular respiration equation
NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
2
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
Six carbons are left in pyruvate molecules.
How many of the carbons originally present in glucose continue to other reactions after glycolysis?
Energy is lost as heat during the reactions of cellular respiration.
If photosynthesis and respiration are almost symmetrical processes, how is energy lost in the process of converting sugar back into ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
2
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
substrate-level phosphorylation
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
ATP
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?
lactate and NAD+
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
mitochondrion
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate
What are the net products of glycolysis?
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
four ATP, 10 NADH, and two FADH2
What is the net gain of energy carrier molecules from glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle?
They are located in the bonds of H2O.
Where are the low-energy electrons located after the electron transport chain is completed?
NADH
Where is the majority of the usable energy found at the completion of glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle?
ATP
Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?
ATP
Which of the following is the primary energy carrier for cells?
Glucose
Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?