Chapter 8 Mastering Biology

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10

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

Glucose is not a usable energy source for most enzymes

Why do cells convert the energy stored in the bonds of glucose into energy stored in the bonds of ATP?

because lactic acid fermentation doesn't produce a gas

Why don't we use bacteria that perform lactic acid fermentation to make bread?

Yeast

Which of the following uses alcohol fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

FADH2

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Respiration continues to extract energy from pyruvate. In fermentation, pyruvate is wasted.

Why is respiration a better method than fermentation for extracting energy from glucose?

The final product of the process serves as an initial reactant in the process.

Why is the Krebs cycle called a cycle?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

glycolysis and fermentation

A line of mutated yeast cells, called Wee mutants, has no mitochondria. Their name comes from the fact that these cells are very small compared to other yeast cells. Which energy-harvesting processes can Wee mutants perform?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy

Cellular respiration equation

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

2

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

Six carbons are left in pyruvate molecules.

How many of the carbons originally present in glucose continue to other reactions after glycolysis?

Energy is lost as heat during the reactions of cellular respiration.

If photosynthesis and respiration are almost symmetrical processes, how is energy lost in the process of converting sugar back into ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

substrate-level phosphorylation

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

ATP

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?

lactate and NAD+

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

mitochondrion

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate

What are the net products of glycolysis?

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

four ATP, 10 NADH, and two FADH2

What is the net gain of energy carrier molecules from glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle?

They are located in the bonds of H2O.

Where are the low-energy electrons located after the electron transport chain is completed?

NADH

Where is the majority of the usable energy found at the completion of glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle?

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

Which of the following is the primary energy carrier for cells?

Glucose

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?


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