Chapter 8 Mortar
Facing brick
Brick with appearance graded for exposed applications
English bond
Alternating stretcher and header courses
Solid bricks
Frequently not 100% solid lol
Molded bricks
Have more variation in texture and dimensional uniformity More expensive
Fly ash brick
Made from waste, sand, and water Molded Steam curing requires only 15% of energy than clay bricks
Brick forming
Molded (soft mud or dry press) Extruded (stiff mud)
Soft mud
Most clay is pressed Struck with water or sand Hand or machine pressing
Lime mortar
No cement Lime and sand used primarily for restoration
Portland cement-Lime Mortar ingredients
Portland cement Aggregate Hydrated Lime Water
Blended hydraulic cement
Portland cement mixed with other cementitious materials Replaces Portland cement in cement lime sand mortar mix
Hollow brick
Up to 60% void Lightweight Require less energy Can accommodate steel reinforcing
Building brick
Used in concealed locations where appearance is not a concern
Special shapes
Used to form arches, water tables, and other forms and features
Running bond
all stretchers
Flemish bond
alternating stretchers and headers in each course
Portland cement is a _____ cement
hydraulic hardens by chemically combining with water-hydration
Sailor
like solider but with broader side visible
Masonry cement
mix of "cementious materials" no added lime lower bond strength than cement-lime mortars
Course
one horizontal row of bricks
Wythe
one vertical stack of bricks
Potable water is suitable in
portland cement-lime mortar
Aggregate
sand, manufactured sand from crushed stone, gravel or furnace slag, Well graded mix with particles from .003-1.82
Head joint
vertical joint between bricks in the same course
Collar joint
vertical joint between wythes
Bed joints
horizontal joint between jourses
Stiff mud
Cheapest Extruded through die then sliced accounts for 90% of US made bricks post extrusion steps can be used to create variation in shape and texture
Most effective joints
Concave and vee joint
Dry-press
Dry and stiff Machine pressed into steel molds at high pressure
Brick firing
Drying and chemical transformation 10 to 40 hours of firing Affects color, uniformity, shape, hardness etc
Brick grade
Durability compressive strength water absroption Freeze thaw resistance
Portland cement
Fine particle size .0005 Calcium silicates Calcium from limestones, marble and other minerals Silica from clay, sand, shale, marl
Admixtures
Improves performa ice/ adjust properties: pigments, bond enhancer (flex/ freeze thaw) accelerators/ retarders (setting time in weather) water repellents workability enhancers
Quicklime
Limestone and other minerals are finely ground and heated to produce calcium and magnesium oxides
Mortar mix
Sand provides basic structural body of hardened mortar Cement binds particles Lime improves workability Water is necessary for consistency
Mortar cement
Similar to masonry cement Produced better comparable strength to
Common bond
Stretcher courses with a header row every 5 or 6 courses
Header
brick laid flat with end visible
Stretcher
brick laid flat with face visible
soldier
brick laid on its end with face visible
Rowlock
brick laid on its face with end visible
Mortar
cushions masonry units, ensuring uniform bearing seals joints between units, minimizing flow of air and water adheres units providing resistance to lateral forces (wind, earthquakes) contributes to appearance