Chapter 8 Practice Quiz

For the test of collateral circulation in an Allen's test, "pinking up" of the hand is normal if it occurs within ____ s.

10 to 15

What is the normal value for CaO2?

16 to 20 mL/dL

What is the ratios of HCO3-/PaCO2 results in a pH of 7.40?

20:1

An arterial puncture site normally should be compressed for a minimum of ___ min after the puncture.

3 tp 5

What is the normal value for arterial pH?

7.35 to 7.45

What is the normal value for PaO2 in the adult patient breathing room air?

80 to 100 mm Hg

What is a decrease in tissue oxygenation called?

Hypoxia

What could cause tissue hypoxia with normal arterial oxygenation?

Inadequate cardiac output

What is a true statement regarding the term hypoxemia?

It occurs when the patient's PaO2 is lower than predicted

What tests is performed to check the collateral circulation of the radial artery before puncture?

Modified Allen's test

What is true regarding respiratory alkalosis?

The PaCO2 is less than 35 mm Hg

A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has what effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

decreased

What is the most common physiologic cause of hypoxemia in patients with lung disease?

V/Q mismatch

What is the primary method of transporting oxygen in the blood?

bound to hemoglobin

What is the most common site for arterial puncture?

Radial

What would be the best indicator of tissue oxygenation?

PvO2

What shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

Fetal hemoglobin

What is the best indicator of metabolic acid-base status?

Base excess

Before an arterial blood gas (ABG) value is obtained, why should the patient's clotting parameters be evaluated?

Bleeding time may be prolonged if they are abnormal

What would be best used to assess arterial oxygenation?

CaO2

What is the direct effect of an increased PaCO2 on HCO3-?

Causes it to increase

Given the following ABG results, interpret the acid-base status: pH 7.44, PaCO2 25 mm Hg, HCO3-17 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L

Compensated respiratory alkalosis

What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?

Exertional dyspnea

A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department after a traffic accident with the following data: pulse, 118 beats/min; respiratory rate, 27 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/68 mm Hg; paradoxical chest movement on the left side; breath sounds decreased on the left; and ABG on room air (21%) as follows: pH, 7.32; PaCO2, 70 mm Hg; PaO2, 57 mm Hg; HCO3-, 23 mEq/L; base excess, 0; SaO2, 86%, CaO2, 15.2 vol%; Hb, 13.0 g/dL; P(A-a)O2, 18 mm Hg. Based on this information, what is the primary cause of the patient's hypoxemia?

Overall hypoventilation

What parameters is the respiratory component of acid-base status?

PaCO2