Chapter 8 questions

Which of the four system of strati faction allows the least opportunity for social mobility among all members of a society?

Castes

According to Karl Marx, the working class must develop ____ ___ to bring about social change.

Class consciousnesses

According to Karl Marx, which of the following was the crucial determinant of economic, political, and social inequality?

Class differentiation

According to Herbet Gans, the poor perform several positive economic, political, and social functions for more affluent members of society. Which of the following are functions that Gans highlights?

The identification of the poor as deviants upholds the legitmacy of conventional social norms regarding hard work, thrift, and honesty. Because of their lack of political power, the poor often absorb the costs of social change. Within a relatively hierarchical society, the existence of poor people guarantees the higher status of the more affluent.

what was the basis of the estate system?

The ownership of the land

Which of the following would not describe the proletariat according to Karl Marx?

Those who subsist on welfare

Karl Marx focused primarily on class conflict, whereas more recent theorists have extended the analysis to include conflicts based on gender, race, age, and other dimensions.

True

Which of the following contributed to the end estate system in Europe?

Urbanization

What did peasants have to do under the estate system in exchange for military protection and other services from the nobles?

Work for free on leased land

1. caste 2. social classes 3. slavery

1. rigid, immobile system 2. more movement from one stratum to another 3. people are owned by other people

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

Prince

Which of the following usually dictates one's hereditary rank in a caste system?

Religion

Which of the following is an example of what Vablen called conspicuous consumption?

Buying a new cadillac Escalade

A social position that people attain largely through their own efforts is called a(n)

achieved status

Conflict theorists generally agree that two major sources of power in American society, ____ and _______, are closely interrelated.

big business and government

The capitalist societies the means of production are controlled by members of what Marx called the _______.

bourgeosie

An economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for ecnomic activity is the accumulation of profit is called ______.

capitalism

the bourgeoisie is called the

capitalist class

which of the four systems of stratification allows the least opportunity for social mobility among all members of a society?

castes

People's social class can affect which of the following?

child rearing formal schooling religious affiliation

Weber's three distinct components of stratification are _____, _______. and _______.

class power status group

Max Weber identified distinct components of stratification. Which of the following are the components?

class status power

In Max Weber's view, social stratification is driven by

class, status, and power

a social system that allows little or no possibility of individual social mobility is called and a(n) ____.

closed

According to Karl Marx, the proletariat need_____ _____ _______ to bring about social change.

collective political action

which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in significant economic, political, and social inequality?

conflict theory

Thorstein Veblen called purchasing obviously expensive automobiles and building very large houses with excessive rooms _____ ________.

conspicuous consumption

The working class is

declining in size

Minimum - wage earners constitute a social class because they share the same

economic position

Which of the following plays the most critical role in social mobility?

education

According to Max Weber, the word "class" refers to a

group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income

The type of social mobility people experience when they move form one social position to another of the same rank is called ______ mobility.

horizontal

Social_____ is the result of certain groups having more power an standing in the social hierarchy.

inequality

Which of the following is not a social that Karl Marx focused on in capitalist society?

intelligentsia

What category of sociologists would be most interested in the way that social class shapes individual lifestyles?

interactionists

Which of the following is not a reason that the middle class is shrinking?

lack of immigration reform by the federal government

The basis of the estate system was the nobles' ownership of the ____.

land

Compared with slavery and caste systems, social classes are

less rigid

What percentage of the population belongs to the upper class according to Daniel Rossides?

less than 2%

According to Gehard Lenski's sociocultural evolution approach, the ______ causes economic systems to change as they become more complex.

level of technology

Which category of sociologists would be most interested in the way that social classes shapes individuals lifestyles?

lnteractionists

Which of the following is not one of the social classes in the model proposed by Daniel Rossides?

lower- lower class

Which of the following sociological perspectives focuses on an entire society and global issues?

macrosciological

According to studies on occupational mobility, most social mobility in the United States is relatively

minor

Functionalists believe that a stratified society is

necessary

Which of the following is not an ascribed status?

occupation

Which of the following would not be a member off the lower-middle class?

orthopedic surgons

The term ______ refers to the level of respect and admiration that people have for an occupation.

prestige

Which of the following ascribed statuses most influences a person's wealth and social class position?

race

Karl Marx believed that the dominant ideology in a capitalist society always serves the ___ ______.

ruling clas

What are the four general system off stratification?

social classes slavery estates castes

The movement of individuals or grops from one social class position in a society's stratification system to another is called.

social mobility.

_______ is a system that places entire categories of people into unequal groups.

social stratification

Conflicts theorist see___ as a major source of societal tension and conflict

stratification

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore believe that positions in society must be distributed and that these positions must be filled by people with the appropriate

talents and abilities

Karl Marx's main focus was on

the effect economic inequality had on all aspects of society.

Interactionists seek to explain society as a whole by studying

the everyday forms of social interaction

It is easier to determine an individual's class position in closed systems such as slavery and caste systems than in open system.

true

______ is an inclusive term that encompasses all of a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property.

wealth

Based soley on the idea of life chances, which group would have the greatest chance of survival in times of danger??

wealthy and powerful people

When determinng social rank, studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of _____.

woman

The international Women Count Network seeks to give a monarchy value to

woman's unpaid work

According to Daniel Rossides, which class makes up the largest percentage of the population?

working class

Which of the following is not used by sociologists as a measure to determine someone's socioeconomic status.

zip code

According to Karl Marx, which of the following will inevitably lea to the destruction of the capitalist system?

Exploitation of the proletariat.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is binding on all moments of the United Nations, effectively put an end to all forms of slavery.

False

How many classes did Daniel Rossides include in his model of class structure in the United States?

Five

In which of the following ways can a person rise to what Weber would call a higher status group?

Gain membership in an influential group

which of the following is the most basic characteristic of class system?

Income inequality

Through rapidly fading, a caste system still exist in which of the following countries?

India

In terms of false consciousness, Karl Marx worried that the workers would adopt which of the following viewpoints?

Individualistic viewpoint

The estate system was associated with feudal societies during what period of history?

Middle ages