Chapter 8 Smartbook

A research review concluded that there may be more than (blank) genes that affect intelligence.

1,000

People with an IQ of (blank) have a mental age that is identical to their chronological age.

100

By what age should an infant be able to inhibit behavior when commanded by an examiner, as demonstrated in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

12 months of age

Which of the following is the best example of stereotype threat?

African American students do as well as white students on standardized tests as long as they think that the test does not count

Who is credited with the development of the first intelligence test?

Alfred Binet

(Blank) intelligence refers to the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.

Analytical

How is fluid intelligence defined?

As the ability to reason effectively

(Blank) theory of wisdom states that wisdom consists of using on'e intelligence, creativity, common sense, and knowledge in a balanced manner.

Balance

Which of the following statements about stability and change in intelligence during childhood is accurate?

Children have the capacity for intellectual change.

An assessment of individuals of different ages at the same point in time is a (blank) study.

Cross-sectional

A test that has questions familiar to children from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is an example of what type of test?

Culture-fair

According to Schaie's research, the cross-sectional approach shows a (blank) in inductive reasoning with age; while the longitudinal approach shows a (blank) of inductive reasoning in middle adulthood.

Decline; Slight rise

Which factors did Robert J. Sternberg consider to be part of the definition of intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.)

Developing strategies to improve shortcomings; Ability to adapt, shape, and select environments; Weighing options carefully

(Blank) intelligence emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence.

Emotional

True or false: On Binet's test, a person's mental age is always the same as his or her chronological age.

False

True or false: Researchers have found that there is a significant difference in the average correlations between the IQs for identical and fraternal twins.

False

The ability to reason abstractly that begins to decline in middle adulthood is called (blank) intelligence.

Fluid

The most prominent finding from brain-imaging studies is that a distributed neural network involving which two of the following are related to higher intelligence?

Frontal lobe; Parietal lobe

According to Howard Gardner, people (blank).

Have multiple intelligences, and IQ tests only measure a few of them

With regard to the link between neurological speed in intelligence, research results (blank).

Have not been consistent

According to the Bayley-III, a 6-month-old infant should be able to do all of the following except (blank).

Imitate words the examiner says

(Blank) quotient is a person's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by one hundred.

Intelligence

Individual's should apply their wisdom in a balance way across which of following? (select all that apply)

Intrapersonal; Interpersonal; Extrapersonal

Which of the following are true of how intelligence is evaluated? (Select all that apply)

It must be evaluated independently; It is generally measured by an intelligence test

A(n) (blank) study studies the same individuals over a period of time.

Longitudinal

Cognitive (blank) is the "hardware" of the mind.

Mechanics

Because of the influence of biology, heredity, and health on cognitive (blank), it is more likely to decline with age than cognitive (blank).

Mechanics; Pragmatics

(Blank) age is Binet's measure of an individual's level of intellectual development compared with that of others.

Mental

Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test because school officials wanted to determine a (blank) who would not benefit from typical school instruction.

Method of identifying children

A normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve with a majority of the cases falling within the (blank) of the range.

Middle

Why are most tests not considered culture-fair?

Most tests tend to reflect what dominant culture deems important.

The Bayley-III includes which of the following scales? (Select all that apply)

Motor; Adaptive; Cognitive; Socioemotional; Language

A(n) (blank) distribution is a symmetrical curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle.

Normal

Identify the six mental abilities assessed in the Seattle Longitudinal Study.

Numeric ability; Verbal memory; Verbal comprehension; Perceptual speed; Inductive reasoning; Spatial orientation

(Blank) intelligence involves the ability to use, apply, and implement ideas.

Practical

Students high in (blank) intelligence may not do well in school, but their excellent social skills and good common sense often lead them to career success outside of school.

Practical

What are the three domains of intelligence?

Practical; Analytical; Creative

Which of the following types of intelligence do not conform to the patterns favored in conventional schooling? (Select all that apply)

Practical; Creative

Cognitive (blank) is the culture-based "software programs" of the mind.

Pragmatics

As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find (blank).

Reasoning abilities rise in middle age.

Which of the following was an extensive study of intellectual abilities during adulthood?

Seattle Longitudinal Study

All of the following are similar categories of intelligence except (blank).

Spatial intelligence

Of the following, which is one of the most widely used individual tests of intelligence used today?

Stanford-Binet 5

One potential influence on intelligence test performance is anxiety over whether one's behavior might confirm a negative assumption about one's group. This is referred to as (blank).

Stereotype threat

Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities? (Select all that apply)

The ability to perceive and express emotion; The ability to use feelings to facilitate thought; The ability to accurately understand emotion

Which of the following is associated with Howard Gardner?

Theory of multiple intelligences

Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities across the life span indicated that (blank).

There were more peaks than declines in cognitive abilities in middle age

True or False: Sternberg stated that there should be a fourth domain which is wisdom that should be considered when discussing intelligence.

True

True or False: Successful intelligence involves individual's ability to set and accomplish meaningful goals.

True

True or False: You have to apply practical knowledge in dealing with problems to become wise.

True

True or false: As they age, children's intelligence changes, but it remains connected to earlier points in their development.

True

True or false: Researchers have not been able to identify the specific genes that contribute to intelligence.

True

In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which four intellectual abilities peaked among men and women in middle age?

Verbal comprehension; Verbal memory; Inductive reasoning; Spatial orientation

As defined by Baltes and his colleagues, (blank) is exceptional insight about human development and life matters and is considered expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life.

Wisdom

Which term refers to expert knowledge about practical aspects of life?

Wisdom

Which of the following areas are included on the Stanford-Binet 5?

Working memory; Fluid reasoning; Visual-spatial reasoning; Quantitative reasoning; Knowledge