Unit 4 Concept 2 -The cardiovascular system

Tourniquet

A device used for bleeding control that stops blow flow out of the wound

Electrocardiogram

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Summarize how the heart uses both electrical and mechanical events to circulate blood throughout the body through the cardiac cycle.

Action potentials/electrical events cause there to be a pressure change. This makes the blood flow through the heart into pressure gradients.

Pulse

Beat of the heart

Summarize the pathway that oxygen-poor blood will take in order to become oxygen-rich blood that can then be distributed to the tissues in our body.

Blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava veins. It then will go through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Then it will make itself to the SL valve into the pulmonary trunk. Lastly, the blood is transported in the pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. It is sent to the rest of the body.

Explain the three factors that can cause resistance to blood flow through the vessels.

Blood viscosity, the length and diameter of the blood vessel.

List some of the extrinsic controls that contribute to regulation of the cardiac cycle.

Body temperature, age, gender, health and hormones

Describe what makes cardiac muscle tissue unique from other muscle tissues.

Cardiac muscle tissue is striated and it can contract. They are interconnect, but short and branch to one another. Their mitochondria's take up 25-35% of the cell.

Systole

Contraction of the heart

Describe the location of the heart in your body, using appropriate anatomical terminology.

It sits on top of the diaphragm, posterior to the sternum and just below the vertebral column. 2/3 of the heart lies on the left of our medial line, and 1/3 lies on the right. It is not directly on the left side of our chest, it is openly mistaken for that.

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

Sketch an EKG and label the key parts. Describe what each shows.

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Sketch the interior of the heart and label the atria, ventricles, valves, and major arteries and veins.

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Differentiate between the distinct roles and structures utilized in pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation.

Pulmonary circulation is when pulmonary arteries pump blood to the lungs via the right side of the heart. Once it receives its oxygen, the veins help transport it back to the heart. The systemic circulation is when blood goes through the aorta with the help of the left side of the heart. The blood makes it's way to the rest of the body. The inferior and superior vena cava veins help the blood return to the heart. Coronary circulation is when the heart receives nutrients from the aeries and veins since it uses up 1/20 of our blood supply.

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

Summarize how the intrinsic cardiac conduction system works.

The AP help the pacemaker cells send signals to the heart, which then initiates a contraction. The heart can creates its own impulses which makes it beat rhythmically.

List the overall function of the cardiovascular system and summarize how it uses the heart, blood vessels, and blood to accomplish this function.

The cardiovascular system utilizes the heart, blood vessels and blood to help the proper function of our organs, etc. The heart pumps the blood through the blood vessels, capillaries, arteries and veins. Blood contains the oxygen that keeps us living. It is transferred to and from the lungs to obtain oxygen rich blood.

Explain the purpose of the pericardial cavity.

The pericardial cavity contains pericardium; a tissue that protects the outside of the heart. It is a connective tissue. Within it, it contains a membrane that has fluid, which helps the heart contract.

Explain the importance of valves in the heart.

They are necessary to keep out blood flowing in one direction. AV valves stop there from being back flow in the atria when there is a contraction. SL valves stop there from being back flow of blood in the ventricles.

Describe the mechanism that causes us to hear a heartbeat through a stethoscope.

When the sound of a "Lub" is heard, it means that the ventricle contracted and pumped out blood. When there is a "dub" sound it means that the valves have to close.

Contractile

actin and myosin

Blood vessels

arteries, veins, capillaries

AED

automated external defibrillator

Capillary bed

capillaries in a tissue or organ

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Veins

carry blood to the heart

pacemaker cells

cells that cause contraction in the heart

Myocardium

heart muscle

resistance

opposition to the flow of electric current.

Arterioles

small arteries

Venules

small veins

cardiac muscle cells

striated, short and branched tissues that can contract

Heartbeat

the ability to pump blood throughout the body rhythmically

Blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

Blood flow

the volume of blood flowing through a blood vessel or the organs/rest of body