Chapter 8
false
The best way to improve a child's academic performance is to believe in the child and let him know that you have faith in his ability to succeed.
theory of multiple intelligences
Gardner; there are a number of different types of intelligence that are all relatively independent of each other
The Bell Curve controversy
IQ is inherited and unchangeable
true
Many children who grow up in poverty go on to become adults who contribute positively to society.
false
Reducing class size should be the first priority in education today.
triarchic theory
Sternberg; intelligence represents a balance of analytical, creative and practical abilities
false
The smarter you are, the more likely it is that you will also be creative.
gifted children
children and youth who exhibit high performance capability in intellectual creative, and/or artistic areas
false
True or False. Children who are gifted or talented often pay a price for their giftedness because they are likely to be socially or emotionally maladjusted.
true
True or False. Most students who drop out of high school go on to eventually complete their high school education.
false
True or False. Placing high, average, and low performing students together in groups to collaborate on a project is equally beneficial to all the children in the group
false
True or False. The best way to measure intelligence is to measure how much information someone knows.
false
True or False. Throughout the elementary school years and into high school, girls do more poorly in math than boys.
true
True or False. Well-constructed and reliable standardized intelligence tests are not biased against native-born racial and ethnic minorities
divergent thinking
ability to find as many possible solutions to a problem as possible rather than the one "correct" answer
creative intelligence
ability to generate ideas and to deal successfully with novelty (sometimes referred to as divergent thinking)
practical intelligence
ability to solve everyday problems by changing yourself or your behavior to fit the environment better, changing the environment, or moving to a different environment in which you can be more successful
mental age
age at which a child is successfully passing measures designed to assess intelligence at particular ages
fluid intelligence
allows us to quickly and effectively solve novel problems for which we have little training
stereotype threat
anxiety that results when individuals feel they are behaving in ways that confirm stereotyped expectations of a group with which they identify
cultural test bias hypothesis
belief that standardized intelligence testing underestimates the intelligence of minority groups because of bias
eugenics movement
breeding better human beings
dysgraphia
difficulties in forming letters and expressing ideas when writing
dyscalculia
difficulties in solving math problems and grasping mathematical concepts
dyslexia
difficulties specific to language skills, particularly reading
learning disability
disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoke or written, that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or mathematical calculations
enrichment approach
educational approach for gifted children in which the curriculum is covered but in greater depth, breadth, or complexity than is done in a typical classroom
ability grouping
educational approach that places students of similar ability in learning groups so they can be taught at a level that is most appropriate for their level of understanding
collaborative learning
educational strategy that allows groups of students who are at different ability levels to work together on a common goal, such as a project or an assignment
expectancy effects
effect that the expectations of others can have on one's own self-perception and behavior
convergent thinking
finding one correct answer for a problem
forgotten half
high school students who graduate from high school and do not continue their education but are not well prepared for the transition to work
Flynn effect
increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over time, necessitating the renorming of the tests
deviation IQ
measure of intelligence that is based on the individual's deviation from the norms for a given test
Head Start
national program to help impoverished preschoolers come into school with experiences and abilities similar to those in the middle class
intelligence quotient (IQ)
originally a measure of intelligence calculated based on the ratio of child's mental age to chronological age, largely replaced now by deviation IQ
adaptive functioning
person's ability to function independently
self-fulfilling prophecy
process by which expectations or beliefs lead to behaviors that help ensure that you fulfill the initial prophecy or expectation
social promotion
promoting a child who has not mastered grade-level material to keep the child in a class with same-age peers
intelligence
qualities that help us adapt successfully so that we can achieve our goals in life
range of reaction
range of potential outcomes for any given genotype
standardize test
test administered in a standard or consistent way to all examinees
authentic assessment
testing procedure that focuses on the process used in solving complex, real-life problems rather than the product that results from the process
dynamic assessment
testing procedure that uses a test-internee-test procedure to assess the examinee's potential to change
creativity
thinking that is novel and that produces ideas that are of value
intellectually disabled
type of intellectual impairment that begins before age 18 and includes a low score on a standardized tests of intelligence (lower than 70) and impaired adaptive functioning
analytical intelligence
type of intelligence that is closes to g or general intelligence and the one prized highly in most schools
accelerated program
type of program that allows gifted students to move through the standard curriculum more quickly than is typical
job shadowing
way to learn about a career by spending time watching a person who is working in that career
crystallized intelligence
what we already know and can draw on to solve problems