Chapter 9
A(n) ________________ is a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
solvent (water-soluble substances dissolve in it)
Which of the following is a good source of magnesium
spinach, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, and chocolate medium to low- animal products: milk and meat
The maximum blood pressure within an artery that occurs when the heart contracts is called the
systolic pressure
The water obtained from both metabolic and external sources is called ________ ____________ intake
total water
Rank where water is lost in the body in order from GREATEST sources of loss to LEAST
urine skin lungs feces
ways to determine if you're drinking enough water include
volume of your urine color of urine (light yellow: adequate dark:dehydration)
As perspiration evaporates from the skin's surface into the air, the body is cooled but _________ is lost
water
Serving size of liquor
1.5 ounces
Serving size of beer
12 ounces
The adequate intake for total water intake is _________ cups per day for adult men and ________________ cups per day for adult women
15.5 11
Serving size of wine
5 ounces
A non-nutrient categorized as a depressant drug that supplies energy to cells but is poisonous is called
Alcohol (ethanol)
The iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is___________
Hemoglobin
Good sources of iron
Meat, fortified cereals, products made from enriched flour (breads and rolls)
Which gender has a higher amount of body water?
Men
zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?
Oysters, red meat, poultry products, and fortified cereals
Similar to selenium, your body uses copper to make several enzymes that function as
antioxidants
which of the following are functions of calcium
blood clotting and muscle contraction and bone building
Where can we find water within the human body
blood lymph urine
The kidneys regulate
body's water content and ion concentrations. They remove excess ions from the blood (such as sodium)
the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps decrease blood calcium when blood calcium levels are too high is called ____________
calcitonin
Hypertensive individuals have a greater risk of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) heart disease stroke kidney failure
Ions, like magnesium and copper, that help speed up the rate of chemical reactions are called _____________
cofactor
Poor sources of iron
dairy foods
Drinking alcohol increases the need to urinate and thus contributes to ______________
dehydration
Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis include
doing daily aerobic exercise consuming adequate amounts of calcium fortified foods if dairy is not consumed consuming adequate dairy
Water is attracted to
electrolytes
Which mineral strengthens bones and teeth but is not considered an essential nutrient
fluoride
What is the function of calcium
form inorganic structural components of tissues like in your bones and mouth
Iron deficiency anemia is often characterized by red blood cells with low levels of
hemoglobin
Which is an important health effect that can results from consuming more sodium than potassium
high blood pressure
In order to survive, your body must maintain proper water status called __________
hydration
What is the only mineral added back to refined grains during the enrichment process?
iron
What is the function of iron
is in red blood cells (RBCs)
What is the function of sulfur
is in the amino acids methionine and cysteine
What is the function of cobalt
is in vitamin B-12
Which of the following foods is a good source of selenium
liver NOT cheese organ meats (liver) and seafood, nuts, whole grain products, turkey, brazil nuts
Strategies to lower blood pressure include
losing excess body fat increase physical activity diet that is low in sodium high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy foods
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by
loss of normal bone mass
Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium are categorized as_____________ minerals
major
Select good food sources for chromium
meat, whole-grain products, yeast, fruits, and vegetables
Elements in the Earth's rock, soil, or water that are required for our health are called____________
minerals
During periods of growth, you are likely to absorb ______________ of a mineral than compared to when you are not growing
more
BPA (Bisphenol A) can be found in many food or beverage containing consumer products including
polycarbonate plastics epoxy resins water bottles food cans
The primary source of dietary sodium in America is
processed foods
NOT a good source of magnesium
refined grains
Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine
saltwater fish, seaweed (shrimp, codfish, seaweed)
A key role of potassium and sodium is maintaining proper ____________ balance
(body) fluid
The dietary guidelines recommend that we consume less than the equivalent of ____________ of table salt each day
2300 mg or 1 teaspoon
Which foods listed below are a good source of dietary potassium?
Fresh fruits fruit juice vegetables (milk , whole grains, dried beans, and meats-major contributors)
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium
Table 9.2 Whole grain cereal yogutt plain low fat sardines canned with bones yogurt soy plain milk fat free fluid american pasteruized cheese swiss cheese cottage cheese kale tofu light vanilla ice cream baked beans bok choy
Which of the following is an organic acid found in spinach, collard greens, and other vegetables that can depress the absorption of calcium?
oxalic acid
common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include
pale skin and mucous membranes fatigue and weakness irritability shortness of breath brittle nails decreased appetite headache
Table salt is chemically known as
sodium chloride
Goiter results from the enlargement of the
thyroid gland
Primary function of iodine
thyroid hormone synthesis
moderate to heavy alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of
addiction hypertension heart failure certain cancers liver damage motor vehicle accidents
the pressure that is measured in an artery when the heart relaxes between contractions is called
diastolic pressure
Which of the following are diurectics?
diurectic- substance that stimulates kidneys to form urine 9caffeine, coffee, tea, energy drinks, soft drinks, and alcohol)
Consuming a high sodium diet, being of African American ancestry and being physically inactive lead to a high risk of developing
hypertension