Chapter 9

A(n) ________________ is a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve

solvent (water-soluble substances dissolve in it)

Which of the following is a good source of magnesium

spinach, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, and chocolate medium to low- animal products: milk and meat

The maximum blood pressure within an artery that occurs when the heart contracts is called the

systolic pressure

The water obtained from both metabolic and external sources is called ________ ____________ intake

total water

Rank where water is lost in the body in order from GREATEST sources of loss to LEAST

urine skin lungs feces

ways to determine if you're drinking enough water include

volume of your urine color of urine (light yellow: adequate dark:dehydration)

As perspiration evaporates from the skin's surface into the air, the body is cooled but _________ is lost

water

Serving size of liquor

1.5 ounces

Serving size of beer

12 ounces

The adequate intake for total water intake is _________ cups per day for adult men and ________________ cups per day for adult women

15.5 11

Serving size of wine

5 ounces

A non-nutrient categorized as a depressant drug that supplies energy to cells but is poisonous is called

Alcohol (ethanol)

The iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is___________

Hemoglobin

Good sources of iron

Meat, fortified cereals, products made from enriched flour (breads and rolls)

Which gender has a higher amount of body water?

Men

zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?

Oysters, red meat, poultry products, and fortified cereals

Similar to selenium, your body uses copper to make several enzymes that function as

antioxidants

which of the following are functions of calcium

blood clotting and muscle contraction and bone building

Where can we find water within the human body

blood lymph urine

The kidneys regulate

body's water content and ion concentrations. They remove excess ions from the blood (such as sodium)

the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps decrease blood calcium when blood calcium levels are too high is called ____________

calcitonin

Hypertensive individuals have a greater risk of

cardiovascular disease (CVD) heart disease stroke kidney failure

Ions, like magnesium and copper, that help speed up the rate of chemical reactions are called _____________

cofactor

Poor sources of iron

dairy foods

Drinking alcohol increases the need to urinate and thus contributes to ______________

dehydration

Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis include

doing daily aerobic exercise consuming adequate amounts of calcium fortified foods if dairy is not consumed consuming adequate dairy

Water is attracted to

electrolytes

Which mineral strengthens bones and teeth but is not considered an essential nutrient

fluoride

What is the function of calcium

form inorganic structural components of tissues like in your bones and mouth

Iron deficiency anemia is often characterized by red blood cells with low levels of

hemoglobin

Which is an important health effect that can results from consuming more sodium than potassium

high blood pressure

In order to survive, your body must maintain proper water status called __________

hydration

What is the only mineral added back to refined grains during the enrichment process?

iron

What is the function of iron

is in red blood cells (RBCs)

What is the function of sulfur

is in the amino acids methionine and cysteine

What is the function of cobalt

is in vitamin B-12

Which of the following foods is a good source of selenium

liver NOT cheese organ meats (liver) and seafood, nuts, whole grain products, turkey, brazil nuts

Strategies to lower blood pressure include

losing excess body fat increase physical activity diet that is low in sodium high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy foods

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by

loss of normal bone mass

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium are categorized as_____________ minerals

major

Select good food sources for chromium

meat, whole-grain products, yeast, fruits, and vegetables

Elements in the Earth's rock, soil, or water that are required for our health are called____________

minerals

During periods of growth, you are likely to absorb ______________ of a mineral than compared to when you are not growing

more

BPA (Bisphenol A) can be found in many food or beverage containing consumer products including

polycarbonate plastics epoxy resins water bottles food cans

The primary source of dietary sodium in America is

processed foods

NOT a good source of magnesium

refined grains

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine

saltwater fish, seaweed (shrimp, codfish, seaweed)

A key role of potassium and sodium is maintaining proper ____________ balance

(body) fluid

The dietary guidelines recommend that we consume less than the equivalent of ____________ of table salt each day

2300 mg or 1 teaspoon

Which foods listed below are a good source of dietary potassium?

Fresh fruits fruit juice vegetables (milk , whole grains, dried beans, and meats-major contributors)

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium

Table 9.2 Whole grain cereal yogutt plain low fat sardines canned with bones yogurt soy plain milk fat free fluid american pasteruized cheese swiss cheese cottage cheese kale tofu light vanilla ice cream baked beans bok choy

Which of the following is an organic acid found in spinach, collard greens, and other vegetables that can depress the absorption of calcium?

oxalic acid

common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include

pale skin and mucous membranes fatigue and weakness irritability shortness of breath brittle nails decreased appetite headache

Table salt is chemically known as

sodium chloride

Goiter results from the enlargement of the

thyroid gland

Primary function of iodine

thyroid hormone synthesis

moderate to heavy alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of

addiction hypertension heart failure certain cancers liver damage motor vehicle accidents

the pressure that is measured in an artery when the heart relaxes between contractions is called

diastolic pressure

Which of the following are diurectics?

diurectic- substance that stimulates kidneys to form urine 9caffeine, coffee, tea, energy drinks, soft drinks, and alcohol)

Consuming a high sodium diet, being of African American ancestry and being physically inactive lead to a high risk of developing

hypertension