Chapter 9-12 Psychology

a company that want to increase the productivity of its workers should set which kind of goal?

a challenging but realistic goal

research indicates that the most common emotion in dreams of adults?

fear or apprehension

On average, married people rate themselves happier than unmarried people. What conclusion can we draw, if any?

happy people are more likely than unhappy people to get married

How does the guilty-knowledge test differ from the more usual lie-detector test?

innocent people should be no more nervous about the crime-related questions than about with questions.

the term "coping" refers to

learning to avoid any situation that could lead to stress

unlike young people, most people over the age of sixty-five are

morning people

Which of the following demonstrates a set point in body weight?

most people maintain a nearly steady body weight over a long time

According to Masters and Johnson, the stage of sexual arousal in which a man's penis first becomes erect and a woman's vagina first becomes lubricated is the __________ stage.

orgasm

One way of stating the over-justification effect is that

people who have done something because of extrinsic motivations no longer do them because of intrinsic motivations

One type of evidence supporting the James-Lange theory of emotions is that

people with pure autonomic failure experience stronger than normal emotions

Which of the following is NOT associated with a stress response?

readying the body for vigorous activity

Arousal of sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for

relaxation

What does it mean to say that a particular test has high predictive validity?

the scores enable us to predict performance on some other task

homeostasis refers to

the tendency to maintain a steady internal state

If a person goes without sleep for a prolonged period of time,

sleepiness decreases at the end of a sleepless night, as morning arrives

The term "gender identity" refers to a person's

tendency to identify himself as a man or herself as a woman

In response to prolonged stress, higher amounts of cortisol are released from the __________.

Adrenal glands

Which of the following theories holds that intelligence includes unrelated (or poorly correlated) abilities such as language, music, logic, body movement, and social sensitivity?

Gardener's theory of multiple intelligences

Which of the following theories holds that intelligence includes unrelated abilities such as language, music, logic body, movement and social sensitivity?

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

People with which of the following disorders have trouble breathing while they are asleep

Sleep apnea

someone who stays in a cave with no light alternates between sleepiness and wakefulness on about 24 hour cycle. Why?

a rhythm generated within the person's own brain

A health psychologist is most likely to be interest in studying which of the following?

a role out emotions play in guiding moral decisions

Workers show the highest level of productivity when they set which type of goal?

a specific, challenging goal

suppose astronauts are on a flight to another planet. The temperature and lighting of the spacecraft remain constant at all times. When will the astronauts become sleepy?

about once every 24-25 hours

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, you satisfy your lower needs

after moving on to your higher needs

in which of these does a person have the least amount of brain activity and responsiveness?

brain death

Investigators distinguish among stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 of sleep by observing

brain waves

Raven's Progressive Matrices represent one attempt to construct a

culture-reduced IQ test

which of the following often produces spatial neglect for half of the body?

damage in the right hemisphere of the brain

the results of the experiment by Schachter and singer suggest that

emotional changes lead to changed in autonomic activity

What effect, if any, does exercise have on stress?

exercise reduced stress by working off excess energy and promoting relaxation

What did Alfred Kinsey discover?

he found that certain sexual behaviors that were considered rare were actually more common

The Type A personality, characterized by hostility and impatience, is associated with an increased probability of

heart disease

Some psychologists study positive psychology, which is the study of

how our actions can influence the behavior and emotions of others

Which of the following is true about the use of hypnosis for the control of pain?

hypnosis reduces the emotional aspect of pain

An area of the brain that is especially important in determining when to start and stop eating is the

hypothalamus

which of the following is NOT a means of reducing the harmful effect of stress?

illusions, such as the belief one has control of an uncontrollable event

one of the most effective ways to cope with stress is to

increase your perceived ability or control the situation

One advantage of the Wechsler intelligence tests, such as the WAIS-III and WISC-IV, is that they

provide separate scores representing a number of separate abilities

Psychologists sometimes use the term "gifted" to describe someone who

scores more than two standard deviations above the mean on an IQ test

at the apex of Maslow's hierarchy is the need of

self-actualization

Most (though not all) researchers believe that observed variations in IQ scores are due to

the combined effects of both heredity and environmental factors

People note the moment when they decide to flex their wrist, and they report it later. Researchers record the time of the movement, the time of the reported decision, and the time when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex of the person's brain. Which comes FIRST?

the increase in brain activitiy

when a normal, healthy person falls asleep, REM sleep is least likely when

the personal has been asleep less than a hour

Which of the following generally increases how much food people eat?

they eat more when someone puts more food on their plate

since the invention of IQ test, psychologists have periodically rewritten the test and intentionally made the test more difficult.. Why?

to keep the mean score from rising above 100

Murphy, an executive at ACME, articulates a vision to his employees for what ACME can become, if only they can use their imagination and intellect to raise the company to a new level. Murphy could be described as which type of leader?

transformational

When does a psychologist who is administering the Stanford-binet end the test for an 8 year old child?

when the child begins to consistently miss items

Psychologist Dinah Moe asks each individual to take several tests of specialized intellectual abilities, such as arithmetic, mechanical ability, logical reasoning, and spatial reasoning. Then she measures the correlation between performance on one test and performance on another test. What is she probably trying to determine?

whether or not Spearman's concept of "g" factor is correct

In order to measure the reliability of a test, an investigator determines

whether the people who score high on the test one time will also score high the next time they take the test.