Chapter 9
__________ are categorical variables such as a subject's gender or ethnicity.
Blocking Variables
________ are continuous variables.
Covariates
The researcher manipulates the_________.
Independent variable
_________________ of subjects to treatment and control groups helps ensure that experimental and control groups do not differ from each other in important ways at the beginning of a research study.
Random assignment
__________ involves intentional attempts to disrupt the results of a test-market being conducted by another firm.
Test-market sabotage
One way to reduce demand characteristics is to use a _________ experimental administrator who does not know the experimental hypotheses.
blind
Experimental research attempts to find ______ relationships among variables.
casual
The term ________ refers to a specific treatment combination associated with an experimental group.
cell
A _____________ in an experiment means that there is an alternative explanation beyond the experimental variables for any observed differences in the dependent variable.
confound
A _______ is one in which no experimental treatment is administered.
control group
When subjects guess the purpose of an experiment, this creates a confound known as a __________
demand effect
In an experiment, _________ are the characteristics of experiments that allow hypotheses to be tested.
effects
An ________ refers to one of the possible levels of an experimental variable manipulation.
experimental condition
One way of reducing demand characteristics is to use an _________
experimental disguise
Experimental treatments are administered to the_________
experimental group
_____________ are more sophisticated than basic experimental designs.
factorial experimental designs
When a test market is conducted in five retail stores in Erie, Pennsylvania, a _________ has been performed.
field experiment
The question as to whether the experimental treatment was the "sole cause" of the changes in the dependent variable is the basic issue in ________
internal validity
A _______ is a function of time and the naturally occurring events that coincide with growth and experience.
maturation effect
__________ are the most common test units in most marketing experiments.
people
A __________ is an experimental deception involving a false treatment.
placebo
Experiments in which an individual subject is exposed to more than one level of an experimental treatment are referred to as _________
repeated measures designs.
_______________ involve repeated measures because with each treatment the same subject is measured again.
within-subjects design
The researcher measures its effect on the___________.
Dependent variables
_____________ refers to the way an experimental variable is manipulated.
Experimental treatment