Chapter 9

Drag and drop

used to quickly place text or graphics by dragging the closed text or graphic file over the page and releasing to drop the file onto the page

Bleed

a design that extends off the edge of the paper that, when trimmed, does not leave a white edge

Handle

a small square located on the frame border that allows manipulation of an element

Live area

area of document page where type and graphics appear

Symbols

asterisks, bullets, and numbers used to organize ideas in lists

Pasteboard (clipboard)

blank space surrounding page in publication window; used to temporarily store text and graphics

Dictionary

computerized listing of words used to check spelling and suggest hyphenation

Gray-oage syndrome

copy-heavy document with no graphics to break up the page

Proportion

determine size of all deign elements in relation to their importance

Purpose

determine the document's purpose and the relative importance of the info you want to communicate, theme should be based on the audience and purpose

Mechanical

mechanically reproducing a printed graphic image or document by assembling the necessary parts in the appropriate computer software

Tools panel

menu of tools available to point, edit text, crop, or draw

Guide

nonprinting line that aids in the flow and alignment of text and in the positioning of graphics

Publication window

options providing a variety of window views selected according to amount of detail needed for a particular task

Pagination

page numbering within a book or publication

Templates

permanent page formats that can be copied and used repeatedly

Rules

printed horizontal or vertical lines or boxes used to separate one part of a document from another

Borders

printed or visual lines used to define page outlines

Mondrian

produced by dividing the space into rectangles of different scale and proportion in which all of the text, headings and images are placed

Global

relating to or applying to an entire document

Inner shadow

shadow that falls just inside the edge of the object to create a recessed effect

Subheads

short headlines inside articles or stories within a document, smaller than headlines, serif for contrast, used to provide more info about the article, set off from the body copy by their placement, typeface, size, or alignment, consistent throughout document

Panel

small window used for choosing options when defining or editing a document

Coherence

strive to create a coherent document design by judging the appropriateness of each design element as it relates to the other elements and to the document's purpose

Captions

text accompanying graphics, placed to the right, above or below the graphic they describe, consistent throughout document

Import

to load a document or graphics file from one source to another

Scroll bars

tools used to move page horizontally and vertically inside publication window

Facing pages

two pages that face each other on a spread in a multipage publication, such as a book or magazine

Rebus

used as a puzzle consisting of pictures that suggest words or syllables

Line tool

used to add linear elements to a page

Gap tool

used to adjust the size of a gap between objects

Gradient swatch tool

used to apply a gradient

Fill, stroke, and toggle

used to apply a new fill color to a shape, to add a stroke to a shape and to swap the colors of a shape

Apply color tool

used to apply current chosen color to a fill or stroke

Apply gradient & none

used to apply gradient to selected element or to remove gradient

Hand tool

used to click/drag move document around the screen

Pen tool

used to create custom freeform picture areas or shapes

Rectangle tool

used to create rectangle shapes

Rectangle frame tool

used to draw a placeholder graphics frame

Pencil tool

used to draw freeform lines or shapes

Format affects text tool

used to format a selected frame

Note tool

used to identify the author of a note or a tracked change

Page tool

used to mix page sizes

Free transform tool

used to modify an object's shape or size

import text or graphic file

used to place text or graphics into a page layout document

Normal view

used to preview page as it will look when printed

Page layout considerations for type

-be consistent in style and layout -use plenty of white space -indent paragraphs to give shape and definition to a paragraph in text-heavy layouts -choose two or three strong fonts for the project -avoid using all caps -avoid centering all text because it slows down reading -use space before and/or after paragraphs instead of 2 hard returns -use a bleed to reduce the risk of white edges when trimmed -keep critical content within the "live area" -use headers, subheads, images, or graphics to separate the page -insert text so that it doesn't touch the frame -strive for balance, simplicity, and diversity

graphic editing functions

-crop graphic images using handles to adjust the box -scale or resize graphic images -change density or shading -change line thickness -stack graphics and text

Balance

-elements on the page should give a sense of wholeness -use an appropriate proportion of text to graphics -use complementary colors -create balance around the page's focal point

Visual hierarchy

-emphasize important elements -organize content logically -use layout to lead the reader's eyes throughout the page -avoid distracting, unnecessary graphic elements -don't make everything look equally important

Proximity

-group together those items that belong together -remain conscious of the white space between page items and of what that space implies

Type-specification features

-hyphenation: option allowing dictionary or operator prompted word division at end of text lines -kerning: option allowing automatic or manual adjustment of spacing between text characters -tracking: option allowing adjustment of letter and word spacing within paragraph or selection -type specification changes: options allowing global or manual adjustment of typefaces and type sizes

Rules of thumb for determining margin size

-more white space, the lighter appearance of the page -narrower margin, darker the appearance -bottom margins are usually larger than top margins; outside margins are usually equal or slightly larger than top margins -smaller inside margins are usually used for facing pages, because they combine to create a gutter of additional white space -when margins are set, nonprinting guides indicating margin position appear in the page in publication window

Digital page layout process

-set up new document -place text -apply fonts and font type styles -place graphics -edit text -edit graphics -print rough draft -proofread rough draft -revise text and graphics -print final draft -proofread final copy -preflight document -create PDF -send to print provider

Paragraph-specification features

-text flow: option selected to move text from page to page and column to column -Auto text flow: option selected to allow text to flow automatically from page to page and column to column when using place-text function -text wrap/runaround: option selected to adjust the placement of text around graphics -alignment: options selected to position text flush left, flush right, centered, or justified -tabs and indents: options selected to align text lines in specific increments left, right, center, decimal, or dot leader -paragraph specifications: options selected to make either global or individual changes to a selection including any of the hyphenation, alignment, space before and after and indents

Grid system

-used to determine horizontal placement of columns and vertical placement of headlines, body copy, and graphics -gives the design a unified look and makes it easier to organize content on a page -common grids usually include equally sized 2, 3, or 4 column grids with a header across the top and a full page grid of squares -designer's decision when and how to break out of the grid by crossing elements over from column to column, extending to the end of the page or extending onto adjacent pages

Guidelines to follow when using rules

-vertical rules are often used to separate columns of type -horizontal rules are often used to separate items within a column, such as to divide subheads from blocks of text -thin rules are more appropriate for publications with a lot of copy -thick rules are most effective when set off by white space -boxes are used to enclose or set off info such as self-contained articles that relate to longer feature articles or to set off addresses and phone numbers

Grid

Nonprinting guideline used to align elements consistently

Columns setting

dialog box for creating either equal or unequal sized column positions and numbers -columns greatly influence the contrast of the page -closely spaced columns tend to create low contrast -widely spaced columns create more contrast -column width is determined by the type size used -as number of columns are defined, nonprinting guides indicating column position appear on the page in the publication window

Page orientation

dialog box for selecting either portrait or landscape page position -portrait: across the width of the page -landscape: across the length of the page

Margin settings

dialog box for setting left, right, top, and bottom page limits

Headlines

display copy over a story or article within a document, same font as body but different point size, short so their meaning is understood

Transparency

effect used to adjust the opacity of an element

Bevel and emboss

effect used to create a relief effect by adding highlights and shadows to an object

Satin

effect used to create a satin-like finish by adding interior shading

Feather

effect used to soften an object's edges by fading the edges to transparent

Master pages

feature used to achieve consistency in page design

tables

features used to organize a large amount of info in horizontal rows and vertical columns -cell: individual rectangle of a table -row: horizontal arrangement of cells -column: vertical arrangement of cells

Body copy

font used for the main portion of the text, choose one font for the body copy with the same size and heading throughout, usually serif for easy readability

Inner and outer glow

glow that spreads from inside and outside edges of an object

Drop shadow

gray or black shading added to photos or graphics to give a 3D effect

Silhouette

has the text wrapped around an open image, which usually does not have a background

Cursor position indicators

icons and/or markers that appear on rulers and within text to indicate cursor position in publication window

Footers

info placed at the bottom of the document, page numbers frequently appear in footers

Headers

info placed at the top of the document, publication title, chapter titles, and section titles are types of info often presented in headers

Jump lines

info used to tell the reader when an article is continued from one page to another

Gutter

inside margin or blank space between two facing pages or columns of text

Columns

invisible lines created by placement and width of lines in text blocks

Style sheets

items that customize a format, such as margins, column widths, border thickness and type of styles

Rulers

measuring edges used in placing text and graphics on page in publication window

Links panel

used to relink, update, identify or diet files that are located on the page by displaying a list of all files linked to the document and the page on which the files reside -relink: used to update missing links or change links -go to link: used to show what the file looks like -update link: used to automatically relink graphics or text -edit graphics: used to open and edit graphic in its native software

Eyedropper tool

used to sample color from a graphic or duplicate an attribute

Selection tool

used to select and move items and to resize frames

Direct selection tool

used to select the contents of a frame and individual items

Gradient feather tool

used to soften a gradient

Scissors tool

used to split a path, graphic frame, or empty text frame

Embed

used to store graphics within the document without linking them to the original file -any changes made to the original file will not be automatically updated in the page layout software -embedded files are listed on the Links panel and noted with a special icon -embed files carefully, as it increases the size of the document

Multi-panel

used to tell a sequential story in panels of equal size

Type tool

used to type or edit text

Zoom tool

used to zoom in on an object for a cooer on-screen view

Circus

used when a variety of elements, such as multiple illustrations, oversized type, reverse blocks, tilts or other gimmicks, are needed in the layout to bring an ad alive and make it interesting

Type specimen

used when an enlarged typeface is the most important element in the layout; font choice is especially important

Picture window

used when an image dominates the largest proportion of the layout; most popular format

Frame

used when the ad is "framed" with a border; used more in newspaper advertising to prevent being associated with some other ad on the page

Copy heavy

used when the info or copy is the most important element in the layout and when the advertiser has a lot to say and visuals won't say it

Margins

white space between border and live area of document page

Dialog box

window in a software application that requests info from the user and disappears after the user clicks OK or Cancel