Chapter 9 Anatomy review
List and give an example of 6 types of normal body movements.
1. Extension - angle between bones increases 2. Flexion - angle between bones decreases 3. Hyper-extension - extending the bone past anatomical position 4. Circumduction - movement of body part around in a circle 5. Adduction - movement that is going towards the body 6. Abduction - movement that is going away from the body
List the three structural categories of joints and briefly describe the criteria used for structural classification of joints.
1. Fibrous joints - no joint cavity, held together by fibrous connective tissue 2. Cartilaginous joints - no joint cavity, held together by cartilage 3. Synovial joints - has joint cavity, surrounded by an articular capsule
List and describe the 6 types of common diarthritic joints.
1. Gliding joint - side to side and back and forth movement, located in the clavicle, wrists, and ankles 2. Hinge joint - convex fits into concave, located in the shoulders and the hips 3. Pivot joint - round or pointed surface that articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament 4. Ellipsoidal joint - joint in the wrist that has the elliptical cavity 5. Saddle joint - saddle joints, located in the thumb 6. Ball and socket joint - ball fits into socket, located between the radius/ulna and the shoulder
List and describe as many structures of the knee that you can.
1. Meniscus - center of knee, holds up the joints 2. Collaterals - lateral and medial collaterals are on the outside of the articular capsule 3. ACL - anterior cruciate ligament, most common tear 4. Tibiofermoral - largest joint in the body anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the inside of the articular capsule 5. LCL 6. MCL
Briefly describe what is happening when a person "cracks their knuckles".
When a person cracks their knuckles, they pop the bursae bubble that is in between their knuckle bones. A bursae is a bubble of nitrogen gas that is located in between bones. When it pops, the liquid and gas within the bursae spreads out around the bones, which is very healthy. In fact, it helps to prevent arthritis.