Chapter 9: Antibiotics

A client is to receive rifampin. Which would be most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for this client?

"Your urine or sweat may become orange in color."

How do aminoglycosides elicit their bactericidal effects?

-Block a step in bacterial protein synthesis. -Disrupt the functional ability of the bacterial cell wall. -Block bacterial RNA synthesis.

Penicillins are utilized in the treatment of which of the following bacterial infections?

-Meningitis -Syphilis -Intra-abdominal infections -Upper respiratory tract infections

Tuberculosis responses well to long-term treatment with a combination of three or more antitubercular drugs. Which is true regarding the duration of treatment for clients with tuberculosis?

-The initial treatment phase should last for a minimum of two months. -The continuation treatment phase should last for four to seven months. -Prophylactic treatment should be given for six to 12 months.

A client has been diagnosed with an infected postoperative wound, and cultures reveal methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. What medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

-nafcillin -oxacillin -dicloxacillin

A client receiving isoniazid (INH) and rifampin has a decreased urinary output and decreased sensation in the great toes. Which laboratory values should be assessed?

ALT and AST

A client is diagnosed with an infection attributable to the gram-negative microorganism Pseudomonas. Which anti-infective agent is most reliable in treating this microorganism?

Aminoglycoside

The nurse should advise the client to avoid taking which medication at the same time as a fluoroquinolone?

Antacids

A client is to receive gentamicin for treatment of an infection. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to assess to establish a baseline?

Auditory function

Which of the following would a nurse identify as being classified as a macrolide?

Azithromycin

A client is diagnosed with VRE, and the health care provider orders chloramphenicol. The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which side effect?

Blood dyscrasias

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is thought to be associated with an increased risk of severe adverse effects in older adults. What severe reaction is commonly reported with this drug?

Bone marrow depression

A nurse is providing education to a client who is taking INH. The nurse is teaching the client to avoid which foods?

Cheese, dairy products, and bananas

What antibiotic is contraindicated for the treatment of intermittent colitis?

Clindamycin

A nurse is caring for a 35-year-old male taking telithromycin. For what type of infection is this client being treated?

Community-acquired pneumonia

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed ceftriaxone. What should the nurse identify as common adverse effects associated with this drug?

Diarrhea and nausea

A client being treated for cellulitis with a cephalosporin asks what the essential difference is between generations of this medication. The nurse should respond to the client's question based on what fact?

Each successive generation is more effective against gram-negative microorganisms.

A client is allergic to penicillin and has been diagnosed with a genitourinary infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Which medication will most likely be administered?

Erythromycin

What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?

Gastrointestinal upset

Which of the following drugs would be classified as an aminoglycoside?

Gentamicin

After teaching a group of students about the indications for use for aminoglycosides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which type of infection as a primary indication?

Gram-negative infections

The pharmacology instructor is discussing antimicrobials with the nursing class. What would the instructor tell the students is the mechanism of action of some antimicrobials?

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Daptomycin belongs to the lipopeptide class of antibiotics that kills gram-positive bacteria. What is the mechanism of action for this antibiotic?

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial proteins

The nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed treatment with isoniazid. What assessment finding would most likely necessitate contacting the health care provider to recommend discontinuing treatment?

Jaundice

The physician has prescribed cotrimoxazole to a 1-month-old infant for an infection. The nurse knows that this medication is contraindicated because of the potential for what health problem?

Kernicterus

When discussing cephalosporins with the nursing class, the pharmacology instructor explains that this classification of drug is primarily excreted through which organ?

Kidney

The nurse is justified in suspecting that a client who recently completed a course of ceftaroline may have been treated for what health problem?

MRSA

Numerous residents of a long-term care facility have developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea over the past week. The nurses at this facility would anticipate that many residents would require which medication therapy?

Metronidazole

When preparing to administer a fluoroquinolone, the nurse understands that the majority of drugs belonging to this class are administered by which route?

Oral

Gentamicin therapy is indicated in the treatment of what medical diagnosis?

Osteomyelitis

When administering aminoglycosides, the nurse must be aware of which of the following adverse reactions?

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

The nurse is observing a graduate nurse administering medications. The other nurse would intervene if the graduate nurse attempted to give what medication intravenously?

Penicillin G benzathine

Your client is being treated for streptococcal pharyngitis and is NPO. Her health care provider has ordered Penicillin G to be given IM. She wants to know why she cannot take her medications via an oral route. Your best response is:

Penicillin G is inactivated by gastric acid, therefore it is only given IM or IV.

What drug belongs to the group of carbapenems?

Primaxin

A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing the second phase of standard TB treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following combinations of drugs need to be administered to the client?

Rifampin and isoniazid

A 43-year-old man has been diagnosed with active TB. He is prescribed a multiple drug therapy, including INH and rifampin. A priority assessment by the nurse will be to monitor which combination of laboratory test results?

Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bilirubin

A client is taking penicillin for an upper respiratory infection. The client calls the office after 2 days of therapy reporting nausea and abdominal pain. Which would be the best instruction for the nurse to give the client?

These are normal side effects, but if they increase in severity or frequency, you need to contact the office again.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed a sulfonamide but does not have an infection. The nurse is aware that the medication has been prescribed to treat what condition?

Ulcerative Colitis

When describing how tetracyclines treat infection, the nurse would incorporate which information into the description?

inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

What event triggers the development of a superinfection?

proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms

What is the treatment goal for a preoperative prescription for neomycin?

suppression of intestinal bacteria

An older adult client is assessed in the clinic for signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis related to pneumococci. Which sulfonamides will most likely be prescribed?

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole