Chapter 9 Biology
How much ATP is produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP
How many ATP is needed in cellular respiration?
2 ATP is needed
When oxygen is present, most of the ATP made in cellular respiration is produced by:
Aerobic respiration
Why is this process important to living things?
All organisms convert glucose to ATP
What kinds of organisms undergo cellular respiration?
All organisms, including photosynthetic organisms, undergo cellular respiration as long as oxygen is available.
Does this occur in Plants, Animals, or Both
Both
Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Both aerobic processes
Where does this process occur?
Chloroplasts
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
True or False: When oxygen is not present, a small amount of ATP is still made during the Krebs cycle.
False - The Krebs cycle produces ATP in the presence of oxygen.
How much ATP does each stage produce?
GLYCOLYSIS- 2 ATP KREB- 2 ATP E.T.C.- 34 ATP
Identify the raw material in glycolysis
Glucose
Source of Energy
Glucose
Explain why cellular respiration is more efficient when oxygen is present in cells.
If oxygen is present, aerobic respiration can occur. Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP than anaerobic processes.
Summarize the roles of the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration.
In both processes, electrons are passed along an electron transport chain and are picked up by an electron acceptor. The energy of these electrons is used to produce a hydrogen ion concentration gradient, which provides the energy needed to make ATP.
Fermentation
In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvates formed through glycolysis gets rerouted into a process. If there is no oxygen in the cell, it needs more of that NAD+ to keep the glycolysis process going. Fermentation frees up some NAD+ which happens to create byproducts.
Where does the process occur
Mitochondria
Does this occur in plants, animals, or both?
Plants
How are the products of photosynthesis and respiration related?
Products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to
Pyruvate
List the products of glycolysis. What is the role of each of these products in cellular respiration?
Pyruvate: if oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the Krebs Cycle; if oxygen is absent pyruvate will undergo fermentation NADH: if oxygen is present, NADH will enter the electron transport chain. ATP: temporarily stores energy for cellular processes
What stage produces hydrogen atoms, ATP, and carbon dioxide?
The Krebs Cycle
What are the raw materials of glycolysis and what comes out of it?
The raw materials of glycolysis is glucose and going out of glycolysis is pyruvic acid
Why is the inside of the membrane of mitochondria folded?
To increase the surface area
ATP to ADP
When ATP releases a phosphate group off the end energy is also released. Since there are a lot of water molecules floating around hydroxide takes the place of the past phosphate group creating ADP.
Explain why cellular respiration is more efficient when oxygen is present in cells
With oxygen you gain 36 ATP without oxygen you gain 2 ATP
"With oxygen"
aerobic respiration
"No oxygen"
anaerobic respiration
glycolysis
breaking up of glucose's 6 carbon ring into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvic acids
chemical reaction
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen + ATP
Products of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide and water
Reactants
carbon dioxide and water
When does this process occur
during light and dark of the day
When does this process occur?
during the day
Chemical reaction
glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
products
glucose and oxygen
Cellular Respiration
how we derive energy from the food we eat specifically from glucose, which most of our food ends up as
Where does Krebs Cycle occur?
inner membrane of the mitochondria
Glycolysis needs...
investment of 2 ATPs in order to work and in the end it generates 4 ATPs for a net profit of 2 ATPs
Types of Fermentation
lactic acid and alcohol
What happens when a cell is in an anaerobic environment.
oxygen isn't available making it harder to produce ATP
Why is this process important to living things?
releases oxygen into the air for living things produces glucose for plants
What does Krebs Cycle do?
takes the products of glycolysis and reworks them to create another 2 ATPs.
What is the by product at the end of cellular respiration?
water