Chapter 9 Biology

How much ATP is produced during glycolysis?

2 ATP

How many ATP is needed in cellular respiration?

2 ATP is needed

When oxygen is present, most of the ATP made in cellular respiration is produced by:

Aerobic respiration

Why is this process important to living things?

All organisms convert glucose to ATP

What kinds of organisms undergo cellular respiration?

All organisms, including photosynthetic organisms, undergo cellular respiration as long as oxygen is available.

Does this occur in Plants, Animals, or Both

Both

Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Both aerobic processes

Where does this process occur?

Chloroplasts

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

True or False: When oxygen is not present, a small amount of ATP is still made during the Krebs cycle.

False - The Krebs cycle produces ATP in the presence of oxygen.

How much ATP does each stage produce?

GLYCOLYSIS- 2 ATP KREB- 2 ATP E.T.C.- 34 ATP

Identify the raw material in glycolysis

Glucose

Source of Energy

Glucose

Explain why cellular respiration is more efficient when oxygen is present in cells.

If oxygen is present, aerobic respiration can occur. Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP than anaerobic processes.

Summarize the roles of the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration.

In both processes, electrons are passed along an electron transport chain and are picked up by an electron acceptor. The energy of these electrons is used to produce a hydrogen ion concentration gradient, which provides the energy needed to make ATP.

Fermentation

In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvates formed through glycolysis gets rerouted into a process. If there is no oxygen in the cell, it needs more of that NAD+ to keep the glycolysis process going. Fermentation frees up some NAD+ which happens to create byproducts.

Where does the process occur

Mitochondria

Does this occur in plants, animals, or both?

Plants

How are the products of photosynthesis and respiration related?

Products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to

Pyruvate

List the products of glycolysis. What is the role of each of these products in cellular respiration?

Pyruvate: if oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the Krebs Cycle; if oxygen is absent pyruvate will undergo fermentation NADH: if oxygen is present, NADH will enter the electron transport chain. ATP: temporarily stores energy for cellular processes

What stage produces hydrogen atoms, ATP, and carbon dioxide?

The Krebs Cycle

What are the raw materials of glycolysis and what comes out of it?

The raw materials of glycolysis is glucose and going out of glycolysis is pyruvic acid

Why is the inside of the membrane of mitochondria folded?

To increase the surface area

ATP to ADP

When ATP releases a phosphate group off the end energy is also released. Since there are a lot of water molecules floating around hydroxide takes the place of the past phosphate group creating ADP.

Explain why cellular respiration is more efficient when oxygen is present in cells

With oxygen you gain 36 ATP without oxygen you gain 2 ATP

"With oxygen"

aerobic respiration

"No oxygen"

anaerobic respiration

glycolysis

breaking up of glucose's 6 carbon ring into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvic acids

chemical reaction

carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen + ATP

Products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide and water

Reactants

carbon dioxide and water

When does this process occur

during light and dark of the day

When does this process occur?

during the day

Chemical reaction

glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Reactants of cellular respiration

glucose and oxygen

products

glucose and oxygen

Cellular Respiration

how we derive energy from the food we eat specifically from glucose, which most of our food ends up as

Where does Krebs Cycle occur?

inner membrane of the mitochondria

Glycolysis needs...

investment of 2 ATPs in order to work and in the end it generates 4 ATPs for a net profit of 2 ATPs

Types of Fermentation

lactic acid and alcohol

What happens when a cell is in an anaerobic environment.

oxygen isn't available making it harder to produce ATP

Why is this process important to living things?

releases oxygen into the air for living things produces glucose for plants

What does Krebs Cycle do?

takes the products of glycolysis and reworks them to create another 2 ATPs.

What is the by product at the end of cellular respiration?

water