Chapter 9, Chapter 7, Chapter 8

Developing a sense of continuity over time requires integration of: -perceptions -memories -mood -post-traumatic stress

-perceptions -memories

Which of the following can cause a dissociative disorder? -a concussion during childhood -physical abuse during childhood -a traumatic event during childhood -physical illness during childhood

-physical abuse during childhood -a traumatic event during childhood

According to the text, why might people who do not have dissociative identity disorder feign or fabricate the disorder? -to gain attention -to avoid punishment -because of popular culture representations of the disorder -to obtain financial gain

-to gain attention -to avoid punishment -because of popular culture representations of the disorder

By definition, people with DID have at least Blank______ distinct identity/identities. -2 -1 -3 -4

2

Who of the following, based on age alone, would be most likely to commit suicide?

Correct: -51-year old John Incorrect: -75-year old Mary -17-year old Mi Ling -29-year old Thaddeus

Somatic symptom disorder is present with higher than expected frequency among patients seeking treatment for Blank______.

Correct: -chronic pain Incorrect: -sexual problems -gastrointestinal problems -eye disorders

Which are examples of psychoeducation interventions in behavioral medicine?

Correct: -suggesting more time spent outdoors -encouraging exercise -providing information on diet control Incorrect: -encouraging the taking on of more work

Worldwide, there are about Blank______ suicides a year.

Correct: -800,000 Incorrect: -2 million -250,000 -500,000

Which of the following statements about conversion disorder is false?

Correct: -Conversion disorder is more frequently observed in men than in women. Incorrect: -Conversion disorder often runs in families. -Perhaps as many as half of the people with conversion disorder also suffer from a dissociative disorder. -Conversion disorder is more frequently observed in people without a college education. (Conversion disorder does not appear to be related to educational level)

______ can have significant effects on health when there are enough of them, and you interpret them negatively.

Correct: -Hassles Incorrect: -Handiness -Hardiness -Uplifts

How can cognitive behavioral therapy be helpful for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

Correct: -It can help the client develop a coherent sense of themselves and their experiences. Incorrect: -It can allow the client to better free associate when in different identity states. -It helps the clinician better control the behavioral antecedents and consequences to the client's switching identities. -It seems to help clients better adhere to their medication regime.

Which coping system is the better one to use, problem-focused or emotion-focused?

Correct: -It depends on the situation. Incorrect: -In unchangeable situations, problem-focused coping is better. -In changeable situations, emotion-focused coping is better. -Both are equally good in coping with stress.

Which of the following explains the role biology has in somatic symptom and dissociative disorders?

Correct: -It makes some people more vulnerable to psychological disorders. -A person may have a physical condition that certain stressors particularly affect. Incorrect: -It provides the most useful approaches to treatment. -Biology plays an insignificant role in determining the cause of these disorders.

"Factitious disorder imposed on another" was previously called

Correct: -Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. Incorrect: -Reye's syndrome. -malingering syndrome. -Munchausen's syndrome. ("Imposed on another" means "by proxy.")

How does stress affect physical health?

Correct: -Stress can lower the body's resistance to disease. Incorrect: -Stress can improve the the body's immune functioning -Stress leads people to under-commit to work -Stress will keep people from seeking medical attention

What is becoming a more widely used way to evaluate whether a client is malingering?

Correct: -Structured Malingering Assessment Incorrect: -House-Tree-Person Test -Rorschach Inkblot Test -Thematic Apperception Test

How is hypnosis used to treat conversion disorder?

Correct: -The therapist instructs the hypnotized client to move the paralyzed limb. Incorrect: -While in a deep trance the client is told to act like an animal, which is incompatible with being paralyzed. -Hypnosis is not used to treat conversion disorder as it is considered unethical. -The therapist delves deep into the client's past while they are in a amnesiac state.

Why are individuals with type A behavior patterns at greater risk for developing heart disease or suffering heart attacks or stroke?

Correct: -Type A individuals tend to have higher blood pressure. -Type A individuals experience high levels of emotional arousal. -Type A individuals are more prone to engage in high-risk behaviors like smoking. Incorrect: -Type A individuals experience strong depressive affect yet keep these feelings hidden.

______ are events on a small scale that boost your feelings of well-being.

Correct: -Uplifts Incorrect: -Surges -Hassles -Spikes

Lucius has premature cardiovascular disease that his cardiologist believes is partly caused and maintained by his type A personality. The cardiologist has referred Lucius to a psychologist to work to improve his ability to cope with stress. What field does this collaboration best exemplify?

Correct: -behavioral medicine Incorrect: -developmental psychology -counseling psychology -advanced cardiology

Terrence has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and his symptoms are best controlled with medications. Although he will need to remain on medications, which theoretical perspective would emphasize the importance of Terrence maintaining employment, creating interpersonal relationships, and monitoring his overall physical health?

Correct: -biopsychosocial Incorrect: -cognitive behavioral -interpersonal -psychodynamic (A biopsychosocial perspective will encompass monitoring his thoughts, feelings, and behaviors)

Which of the following are the types of symptoms someone with a conversion disorder might experience?

Correct: -blindness -pseudoseizures -paralysis Incorrect: -hallucinations

Of the following, which therapy based on the resilience model appears to be effective in reducing suicides among those at high risk?

Correct: -cognitive-behavior therapy Incorrect: -Gestalt therapy -behavior therapy -psychodynamic therapy

The Blank______ view of conversion disorder views people with the disorder as subject to cognitive distortions that lead them to misinterpret normal bodily sensations.

Correct: -cognitive-behavioral Incorrect: -psychodynamic -humanistic -behavioral

Which psychological treatment approach seems to be useful for treating dissociative and somatic symptom disorders?

Correct: -cognitive-behavioral therapy Incorrect: -psychodynamic therapy -interpersonal therapy -behavioral therapy

What are specific cognitive behavioral therapy interventions used in treating dissociative identity disorder?

Correct: -confronting problematic cognitions -changing problematic cognitions Incorrect: -taking increased dosages of medication until the identity switching ceases -keeping a behavioral chart of each time identities switched

In terms of the emotions, a way to reduce perceived stress is by Blank______.

Correct: -controlling negative emotions Incorrect: -ignoring positive emotions. -constantly focusing on negative emotions -ignoring negative emotions

Anderson Taylor is a successful prosecuting attorney who wins virtually all of his cases. In several days, he will begin a case in which he will prosecute a notorious mobster. As he was walking home, he was accosted by several people who roughed him up and threatened to kill him if he prosecuted the mobster. The next morning, he woke up and was unable to speak. This is an example of

Correct: -conversion disorder. Incorrect: -malingering -hypochondria -selective mutism (The disorder in which a person experiences the loss or change of a physical function not due to an underlying medical condition is conversion disorder.)

The diagnostic category called "psychological factors affecting other medical conditions" includes conditions in which a client's physical illness is adversely affected by:

Correct: -denial of a diagnosis. -depression. -dangerous health-related behaviors. Incorrect: -type B personality

Recent research suggests Blank______ has positive mental health benefits.

Correct: -disclosing feelings about one's stress Incorrect: -self-medicating to reduce one's stress -ignoring one's stress -withholding feelings about one's stress

In Blank______ coping, individuals change the way they feel about the situation rather than changing the situation itself.

Correct: -emotion-focused Incorrect: -situational-focused -experience-focused -problem-focused (In problem-focused coping people attempt to reduce stress by acting to change whatever it is that makes the situation stressful.)

Treatment guidelines for dissociative identity disorder emphasize which of the following?

Correct: -establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance -helping clients see themselves and their worlds in a more favorable manner -not playing favorites with any of the alters Incorrect: -prescribing antipsychotic or antidepressant medication

Which of the following are goals of today's psychodynamic approach to treating conversion disorder?

Correct: -expressing emotion directly -gaining insight -gaining self-awareness Incorrect: -expressing emotion through physical manifestations

People with Blank______ feign the illness of someone else.

Correct: -factitious disorder imposed on another Incorrect: -malingering -secondary gain disorder -factitious disorder imposed on self

In which disorder does the individual assume a sick role to get sympathy and attention?

Correct: -factitious disorder imposed on self Incorrect: -somatic symptom disorder -illness anxiety disorder -conversion disorder

Gabriel ran hard against a wall until he dislocated his shoulder, bit his lip until it bled, tore his clothing in various areas, and rolled in the dirt. He then went to the emergency room and told them he was attacked and beaten. He complained of a massive headache, abdominal pain, and shoulder pain. He did this simply because he wanted the medical care. Gabriel meets the criteria for

Correct: -factitious disorder imposed on self. Incorrect: -Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. -conversion disorder. -malingering.

In factitious disorder imposed on self, the individual is Blank______; in factitious disorder imposed on another, the individual is Blank______.

Correct: -faking the illness in him- or herself; faking the illness in someone else. Incorrect: -faking the illness in someone else; faking the illness in him- or herself. -faking the illness for economic gain; faking the illness for attention. -creating symptoms for economic gain; creating symptoms for attention.

People with illness anxiety disorder

Correct: -fear or mistakenly believe that normal bodily reactions represent the symptoms of a serious illness. Incorrect: -do not go to the doctor unless they think the symptoms are very serious. -make up symptoms in order to gain attention. -constantly worry about symptoms but do not worry about being diagnosed with a serious disease.

The diagnostic category called "psychological factors affecting medical other conditions" includes all of the following except

Correct: -hardiness. Incorrect: -depression. -stress. -denial of a diagnosis.

Early treatments for conversion disorder, then known as "hysteria," involved

Correct: -hypnosis and psychoanalysis. Incorrect: -free association and trephination. -catharsis and transference. -hypnosis and exorcism.

Psychodynamic therapy for conversion disorder involves

Correct: -identifying unconscious conflicts and bringing them into awareness. Incorrect: -clients discussing why they hate their mothers and the resulting scars on their psyches. -identifying unconscious conflicts and permanently repressing them. -discussing sexual and aggressive impulses and modifying them.

Donahue does not want to go to school and take a test he did not prepare for. He splashes warm water on his face, sticks the thermometer under hot water, and shows it to his mother to make her think he has a fever. Donahue

Correct: -is malingering. Incorrect: -has body dysmorphic disorder. -has Munchausen syndrome. -is a hypochondriac.

Some clinicians may prefer the term functional neurological symptom disorder to conversion disorder because Blank______.

Correct: -it is more descriptive than than the term conversion Incorrect: -the term conversion disorder is somewhat awkward to use -"conversion" is a Freudian term and most clinicians do not believe in Freud -functional means underlying conflicts transfer into what looks like neurological symptoms

All of the following statements are true about the cognitive stress model except

Correct: -it place greater emphasis on actually experiencing an event. Incorrect: -it places greater emphasis on how one interprets events. -it acknowledges that circumstances surrounding an event will affect different people differently. -it posits that it is the appraisal of the event as stressful that determines whether the event has a negative impact on one's emotional state. (This is true)

Developing a sense of continuity over time requires integration of:

Correct: -memories -perceptions Incorrect: -post-traumatic stress -mood

Which of the following are examples of alternative interventions that behavioral medicine is increasing using?

Correct: -mindfulness training -meditation -relaxation techniques Incorrect: -benzodiazepines

The essential feature of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is that the individual experiences a change in a bodily function that is:

Correct: -not due to an underlying medical condition. Incorrect: -due to an underlying medical condition. -unrelated to the motor function -not connected to any underlying psychological condition. (It is due to an underlying psychological condition.)

People with a high level of which personality characteristic are more resilient to stress?

Correct: -optimism Incorrect: -paranoia -independence -neuroticism

Mardi is a first-year student at the university and has been struggling to keep up with all of the work for her courses. She also ended a short term but intense relationship. However, all in all, she has felt a sense of well-being and believes that everything is going to turn out well in the long run. According to research, what personality trait does Mardi most likely posses?

Correct: -optimism Incorrect: -tenacity -pride -independence

Research suggests that people who overcommit to work but are not appropriately rewarded have

Correct: -poorer cardiovascular health. Incorrect: -significant sexual dysfunctions. -greater likelihood of developing cancer. -more gastrointestinal disorders.

Within which area of psychology are uplifts especially important?

Correct: -positive psychology Incorrect: -social psychology -developmental psychology -clinical psychology

In Blank______ coping, the individual attempts to reduce stress by acting to change whatever it is that makes the situation stressful.

Correct: -problem-focused Incorrect: -experience-focused -emotion-focused -situational-focused

Somatic symptom disorder is Blank______.

Correct: -relatively rare Incorrect: -extremely rare -extremely common

According to the Blank______ perspective, individuals develop depressive disorders in response to external life events.

Correct: -sociocultural Incorrect: -biological -physiological -psychological

People with Blank______ have physical symptoms that may or may not be accounted for by a medical condition, along with maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Correct: -somatic symptom disorder Incorrect: -illness anxiety disorder -hypochondrias -conversion disorder

According to general consensus, the cause of the dissociative disorder is Blank______ that leads people to experience splitting apart of their conscious experiences.

Correct: -some type of traumatic event, usually during childhood, Incorrect: -forgetfulness, usually during middle adulthood, -alcoholic intoxication, starting usually during adolescence, -a serious head injury, usually during young adulthood,

The unpleasant emotional reactions people have when they perceive an event to be threatening are called

Correct: -stress Incorrect: -coping. -stressor. -physical reaction.

The most common way to describe stressors is through

Correct: -stressful life event rating scales. Incorrect: -self-report inventories. -client interviews. -case studies.

Which of the following contribute to an individual having a lower chance of developing major depressive disorder?

Correct: -strong religious beliefs -social support -spirituality Incorrect: -personal fable

The rate of suicide is underreported due to

Correct: -the difficulty of establishing cause of death as intentional rather than unintentional. Incorrect: -the fear of encouraging copycat suicides. -the desire to protect the good names of the families. -the fact that families can not collect insurance if the death is reported as a suicide.

A somatic symptom disorder is a condition in which an individual's major symptoms include

Correct: -the experiencing of physical problems and concerns about medical illness. Incorrect: -an unreasonable fear of an event. -an irrational fear of dissociation from the body. -the experiencing of great anxiety due to an unspecified cause.

The Blank______ behavior pattern is a pattern of behaviors that include being hard-driving, competitive, impatient, cynical, and hostile.

Correct: -type A Incorrect: -type B -type D -type C

The type __________ personality occurs among people who experience a strong depressive affect, which is a significant factor for heart disease.

D

In Blank______ disorders, the separation of mental functions occurs to an extreme degree. -dissociative -somatic symptom -psychosomatic -cognitive

Dissociative

There are no significant differences in suicide rates between high-income and low-middle-income countries.

False

To be effective, hypnotherapy must be delivered to the clients face-to-face.

False

True or false: People with somatic symptom disorder are usually intentionally manufacturing symptoms for some external gain or benefit.

False (Although it may appear that people with this diagnosis are intentionally manufacturing symptoms, they actually are not consciously attuned to the ways in which they express these psychological problems physically.)

True or false: Only significant or major events can classify as stress.

False (Even a relatively minor event can lead you to experience stress if you interpret it negatively.)

True or false: People whose mood disorders are primarily biological in origin should only be treated with medication.

False (Even individuals whose mood disorder symptoms reflect a heavy influence of biology should have access to a range of therapeutic services.)

True or false: From the biological perspective, the dissociative, somatic symptom, and related disorders are viewed in terms of the thoughts linked to their physical symptoms.

False (From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, the dissociative, somatic symptom, and related disorders are viewed in terms of the thoughts linked to their physical symptoms.)

__________ is a self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die.

Suicide

According to the minority stress model, racism and homophobia can lead to high levels of chronic stress.

True

An advantage of cognitive behavioral therapy is that it can be delivered by nurse practitioners.

True

In factitious disorder imposed on self, people show a pattern of falsifying symptoms that are either physical, psychological, or a combination of the two.

True

Minority status stress is an example of sociocultural factors that play a role in causing and aggravating stress-related disorders.

True

People with illness anxiety disorder easily become alarmed about their health and seek unnecessary medical tests and procedures to rule out or treat their exaggerated or imagined illnesses.

True

Somatic symptom disorders are psychological in nature, because although people with these disorders may or may not have a diagnosed medical condition, they seek treatment for their physical symptoms and associated distressing behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.

True

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SSRS) is a measure of stressful life events.

True

The cognitive model of stress places greater emphasis on the way you interpret events than on whether you experienced a given event.

True

People with dissociative amnesia -develop amnesia from ordinary forgetfulness. -are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives. -get this disorder from a serious head trauma or some other organic cause. -usually forget everything that happened from adolescence to the present time.

are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives.

People with dissociative amnesia -usually forget everything that happened from adolescence to the present time. -are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives. -get this disorder from a serious head trauma or some other organic cause. -develop amnesia from ordinary forgetfulness.

are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives.

The __________ perspective helps to understand that people commit suicide because of physiological contributions, distorted cognitive processes, and stressful environments

biopsychosocial

The __________ hypothesis of suicidality describes resilience as a mediator to suicide, even among high-risk individuals.

buffering

A person's effort to reduce stress is called __________.

coping

Sanvi often feels that she is detached from her body, like she is an outside observer. This has a serious negative impact on her life, What DSM-5 diagnosis would Sanvi likely be given? -dissociative identity disorder -depersonalization/derealization disorder -depersonalization disorder -derealization disorder

depersonalization/derealization disorder

People with Blank______ feel that their identities have become detached from their bodies, whereas people with Blank______ feel a sense of unreality or detachment from their surroundings. -depersonalization; derealization -derealization; dissociative fugue -dissociative fugue; dissociative amnesia -dissociative identity disorder; dissociative amnesia

depersonalization; derealization

People with Blank______ feel that their identities have become detached from their bodies, whereas people with Blank______ feel a sense of unreality or detachment from their surroundings. -dissociative identity disorder; dissociative amnesia -derealization; dissociative fugue -dissociative fugue; dissociative amnesia -depersonalization; derealization

depersonalization; derealization

In Blank______ disorders, the separation of mental functions occurs to an extreme degree. -cognitive -somatic symptom -psychosomatic -dissociative

dissociative

Which of the following is the one of the most controversial of the psychological disorders? -bulimia -dissociative identity disorder -dysthymia -depersonalization/derealization disorder

dissociative identity disorder

The disorder in which it appears that the individual has developed more than one personality with its associated sense of self is -dissociative identity disorder. -depersonalization. -dissociative amnesia. -dissociative fugue.

dissociative identity disorder.

The "D" in Type D personality stands for __________.

distress

Individuals in a __________ state of dissociative amnesia may travel or wander without knowing their identity.

fugue

The old term for conversion disorder was __________, which literally meant "wandering womb."

hysteria

The treatment goal for dissociative disorders is to -eliminate the perceptions of trauma that cause the splitting of consciousness. -lock in the repressed memory so that it does not surface. -integrate the separate parts of self, memory, and time within a person's consciousness. -help the individual live with memory loss.

integrate the separate parts of self, memory, and time within a person's consciousness.

The direct benefits of occupying the sick role, such as paid time off from work, insurance payments, or some other tangible reward, is called __________ __________.

primary gain

__________-focused coping is better to use in changeable situations, whereas __________-focused coping is better to use in those situations one cannot change.

problem, emotion

The aim of cognitive behavioral therapy is to help clients with somatic symptom and related disorders gain a more __________ appraisal of their body's reactions.

realistic

According to the buffering hypothesis, an important factor that may prevent a high-risk person from committing suicide is __________.

resilience

Interventions based on the __________ model assess and strengthen the client's feelings of personal control and perceived abilities to handle stress.

resilience

An individual who feigns illness in order to receive sympathy and attention may be motivated by __________ gain.

secondary