Chapter 9 geography
Name the 5 climate zones from highest to lowest
1. Tierra Nevada 2. Tierra Helada 3. Tierra Fria 4. Tierra Templada 5. Tierra Caliente
The Inca built their civilization in the Andes mountain by
Altering their environment
The longest of these rivers is the ____________ River that flows about 4,000 miles from west to east and empties into the ______________________
Amazon, Atlantic Ocean
What mountain range runs down the western coastline of South America?
Andes mountains
On the South American continent, the ____________________ are part of mountain ranges that run down the _______________ coast of north, central, and South America
Andres Mountains, Western
In the South American countries of ______________ , ________________ , and _________________ more than 85% of the people life in ________ areas
Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, urban
What is the name of the desert of northern Chile
Atacama
Describe Tierra Caliente
Bananas, pineapples, cocoa, sugar cane, and rice are grown here
North of South America and east of Mexico and Central America are the ________________ islands. They consist of 3 major groups; the __________________, the __________________, and the _________________
Caribbean, greater Antilles, lesser Antilles, and Bahamas
What is a largely undeveloped grassy area of the amazon river basin?
Cerrado
Although many people practice farming in Latin America, an increasing number are moving to ________
Cities
Latin America's __________ ranges from hot and humid to dry and desert-like
Climate
Disadvantages of tourism is the increasing _______________ caused by resorts built in previously unspoiled areas and the large ______________ run up by local government borrowing money to build tourist facilities
Congestion, public debts
What is a major source of tourism for the Caribbean islands
Cruise ships
Central America and the Caribbean don't have ____________ climate zones
Dry
Other ranges include the ______________ Highlands in the northeast of South America
Guiana
Local governments can not afford facilities to handle the population increase. This ____________ includes such things as sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing
Infrastructure
Sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing are part of a city's ____________
Infrastructure
Describe the greater Antilles
Larger islands that include Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico
What is the main economic activity of the llanos, cerrado, and pampas of Latin america
Livestock grazing and farming
Large, grassy, treeless area in South America used for grazing and farming
Llanos
The mid-latitude, moderate climate zones of the region are located where?
Located south of the equator
What is the regions largest city
Mexico City, Mexico
Tourism is a growing industry, especially in
Mexico and the Caribbean
What industry did Jamaica turn to when it moved away from its plantation-based economy?
Mining industry
What energy resource is especially important to Mexico and Venezuela
Oil
Latin America is rich in natural resources. Venezuela and Mexico have major _________ reserves. Brazil is rich in ____________ power because of its many rivers and waterfalls
Oil, hydroelectric
In addition, South America has many long rivers including the _____________ River that winds through the northern part of the continent, mainly in Venezuela
Orinoco
3 major river systems of South America
Orinoco, Amazon, and paraná
Other vast plains, located in Argentina and Uruguay, are known as the ________________
Pampas
Push and pull factors have to do with
People leaving rural areas to go to the cities
Cities afflicted with many environmental problems including high levels of ______________ from cars and factories
Pollution
Tourism in Latin America
Presents both advantages and disadvantages
_______ factors include higher paying jobs, better schools, and better medical care
Pull
________ factors include poor medical care, poor education, and low paying jobs
Push
Both _____________ factors are at work in moving peasants and farmers off the land and drawing them to _________
Push and pull, cities
What are the 2 main vegetation types in the regions tropical climate zones
Rain forest and savanna
The hot and rainy weather of the tropical wet climate zone provides perfect growing conditions for the ____________
Rain forests
Estuary of the paraná and Uruguay rivers between argentine and Uruguay is called the ___________________
Río de la Plata
Tropical and subtropical regions have grasslands called ______________
Savannas
Grass covered plains are often found in a ________ climate
Semiarid
Native people of Latin America used the _____________ technique to clear fields for crops. The technique involved ____________ trees, brush, and grasses and then _________ them to clear a field for planting crops
Slash and burn, cutting, burning
Describe the lesser Antilles
Smaller islands in the region southeast of Puerto Rico
Common result of slash and burn farming
Soil exhaustion
____________ is an ancient technique practiced by the Inca for growing crops on hillsides or mountains and slopes
Terranced farming
What climate zone grows citrus fruits, coffee, cotton, and beans?
Tierra Templada
Latin America reaches from the southern borders of the United States down to ________________ at the southernmost tip of South America
Tierra del Fuego
Describe Tierra Fria
Tree line - forest near mountain peaks Potatoes, wheat, barley, and apples are grown here
Highlands include
Venezuela, Guyana, French Guyana, Brazil
What is another term for the islands of the Caribbean
West Indies
Describe Tierra Templada
Wet forest Coffee, corn, wheat, beans, citrus fruits are grown here
The tierra helada of Latin America is
Where many llamas and sheep and raised
Tierra Nevada
area above the snow line
Describe Tierra Helda
highest climate zone- snow line Mountain tundra Llamas,sheep
Climate and vegetation of Latin America are ___________
varied