Chapter 9 geography

Name the 5 climate zones from highest to lowest

1. Tierra Nevada 2. Tierra Helada 3. Tierra Fria 4. Tierra Templada 5. Tierra Caliente

The Inca built their civilization in the Andes mountain by

Altering their environment

The longest of these rivers is the ____________ River that flows about 4,000 miles from west to east and empties into the ______________________

Amazon, Atlantic Ocean

What mountain range runs down the western coastline of South America?

Andes mountains

On the South American continent, the ____________________ are part of mountain ranges that run down the _______________ coast of north, central, and South America

Andres Mountains, Western

In the South American countries of ______________ , ________________ , and _________________ more than 85% of the people life in ________ areas

Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, urban

What is the name of the desert of northern Chile

Atacama

Describe Tierra Caliente

Bananas, pineapples, cocoa, sugar cane, and rice are grown here

North of South America and east of Mexico and Central America are the ________________ islands. They consist of 3 major groups; the __________________, the __________________, and the _________________

Caribbean, greater Antilles, lesser Antilles, and Bahamas

What is a largely undeveloped grassy area of the amazon river basin?

Cerrado

Although many people practice farming in Latin America, an increasing number are moving to ________

Cities

Latin America's __________ ranges from hot and humid to dry and desert-like

Climate

Disadvantages of tourism is the increasing _______________ caused by resorts built in previously unspoiled areas and the large ______________ run up by local government borrowing money to build tourist facilities

Congestion, public debts

What is a major source of tourism for the Caribbean islands

Cruise ships

Central America and the Caribbean don't have ____________ climate zones

Dry

Other ranges include the ______________ Highlands in the northeast of South America

Guiana

Local governments can not afford facilities to handle the population increase. This ____________ includes such things as sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing

Infrastructure

Sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing are part of a city's ____________

Infrastructure

Describe the greater Antilles

Larger islands that include Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico

What is the main economic activity of the llanos, cerrado, and pampas of Latin america

Livestock grazing and farming

Large, grassy, treeless area in South America used for grazing and farming

Llanos

The mid-latitude, moderate climate zones of the region are located where?

Located south of the equator

What is the regions largest city

Mexico City, Mexico

Tourism is a growing industry, especially in

Mexico and the Caribbean

What industry did Jamaica turn to when it moved away from its plantation-based economy?

Mining industry

What energy resource is especially important to Mexico and Venezuela

Oil

Latin America is rich in natural resources. Venezuela and Mexico have major _________ reserves. Brazil is rich in ____________ power because of its many rivers and waterfalls

Oil, hydroelectric

In addition, South America has many long rivers including the _____________ River that winds through the northern part of the continent, mainly in Venezuela

Orinoco

3 major river systems of South America

Orinoco, Amazon, and paraná

Other vast plains, located in Argentina and Uruguay, are known as the ________________

Pampas

Push and pull factors have to do with

People leaving rural areas to go to the cities

Cities afflicted with many environmental problems including high levels of ______________ from cars and factories

Pollution

Tourism in Latin America

Presents both advantages and disadvantages

_______ factors include higher paying jobs, better schools, and better medical care

Pull

________ factors include poor medical care, poor education, and low paying jobs

Push

Both _____________ factors are at work in moving peasants and farmers off the land and drawing them to _________

Push and pull, cities

What are the 2 main vegetation types in the regions tropical climate zones

Rain forest and savanna

The hot and rainy weather of the tropical wet climate zone provides perfect growing conditions for the ____________

Rain forests

Estuary of the paraná and Uruguay rivers between argentine and Uruguay is called the ___________________

Río de la Plata

Tropical and subtropical regions have grasslands called ______________

Savannas

Grass covered plains are often found in a ________ climate

Semiarid

Native people of Latin America used the _____________ technique to clear fields for crops. The technique involved ____________ trees, brush, and grasses and then _________ them to clear a field for planting crops

Slash and burn, cutting, burning

Describe the lesser Antilles

Smaller islands in the region southeast of Puerto Rico

Common result of slash and burn farming

Soil exhaustion

____________ is an ancient technique practiced by the Inca for growing crops on hillsides or mountains and slopes

Terranced farming

What climate zone grows citrus fruits, coffee, cotton, and beans?

Tierra Templada

Latin America reaches from the southern borders of the United States down to ________________ at the southernmost tip of South America

Tierra del Fuego

Describe Tierra Fria

Tree line - forest near mountain peaks Potatoes, wheat, barley, and apples are grown here

Highlands include

Venezuela, Guyana, French Guyana, Brazil

What is another term for the islands of the Caribbean

West Indies

Describe Tierra Templada

Wet forest Coffee, corn, wheat, beans, citrus fruits are grown here

The tierra helada of Latin America is

Where many llamas and sheep and raised

Tierra Nevada

area above the snow line

Describe Tierra Helda

highest climate zone- snow line Mountain tundra Llamas,sheep

Climate and vegetation of Latin America are ___________

varied