Chapter 9 (Geography)

How did China's regional development policy change during the reform period beginning in the 1980s?

1. Building on Communist-era methods of financial control 2. Economic decision making was decentralized 3. Reforms allowed existing and newly established businesses to sell their produce and goods in competitive markets. 4. Regional specialization, rather than regional self- sufficiency. 5. Government allowing foreign direct investment in Chinese export-oriented coastal enterprises and the sale of foreign products in China

Among the main rationales often cited for constructing dams in China is the reduction of society's vulnerability to which of the following hazards? A) flooding B) drought C) soil degradation D) disease

A

Foreign investment in China is concentrated: A) on China's east coast. B) in the interior of China. C) near the Mongolian border. D) between Mongolia and Kazakhstan.

A

Which area has the LOWEST population density? A) Mongolia B) the eastern third of China C) the west and south end of the Korean Peninsula D) along the coasts of Japan

A

Which description characterizes the land reform strategy enacted by the Chinese Communist Party when it first came to power in 1949? A) formed private agricultural corporations out of large tracts of land unused by the aristocracy B) turned former agricultural lands over to herders C) divided large unproductive estates of landlords among landless farmers D) sold state landholdings to retired soldiers and unemployed merchants

A

Which factor is NOT an explanation for the shrinking of fertile zones in East Asia? A) longer monsoon seasons B) urban development C) industrial expansion D) agricultural mismanagement

A

Which factor(s) is/are NOT a part of the philosophy of Confucianism? A) belief in reincarnation after death B) courtesy, knowledge, and integrity C) respect for government officials D) loyalty to parents

A

Which statement BEST represents North Korea today? A) It remains closed off from the world and impoverished. B) It has developed a dynamic economy based on electronics. C) Its standard of living exceeds that of South Korea. D) It has implemented a democratic form of government

A

Which statement BEST summarizes urban-rural disparities in East Asia? A) Urban areas have better access to jobs, health care, and education than rural areas. B) Urban areas have better air quality than rural areas. C) Rural areas have much higher crime rates than urban areas. D) Rural areas have a much greater population density than urban areas

A

Which statement accords with Confucian ideology? A) A male should hold the position of ultimate authority. B) The matriarchal family is the best organizational model for the state. C) The military general is the source of all order and civilization. D) Imperial officials are accountable to common people.

A

Which statement is NOT a serious criticism of China's Three Gorges Dam? A) The hydroelectric power generated by the dam will not be significant. B) The dam is constructed over a seismic fault. C) The giant sturgeon's spawning grounds have been lost, and the fish may become extinct. D) Cracks in the dam raise doubts regarding its structural integrity.

A

Which statement is TRUE of protests and political freedom in China today? A) The triggering mechanism for protests is often when an individual or small group senses that it has been ignored and mistreated by authorities. B) Protests are becoming less common in China because of government crackdowns. C) Chinese people think agricultural reform is the most important problem facing the country. D) Confidence in public officials is quite strong

A

Which strategy has NOT been used by China to dominate Tibet? A) execution of the Dalai Lama B) the massacre of Buddhist monks and nuns C) investment in tourism infrastructure in Tibet D) destruction of temples and monasteries

A

The Great Wall of China was built for what reason?

A defense mechanism for invasions from Mongolia and Western China

More than 30,000 residents have had to flee the Loess Plateau as a result of what natural disaster?

A sand dune covering the villages.

According to the textbook, which custom explains the higher status of females among ancient native groups in Southern China, such as the Dai? A) A woman provides labor for her mother-in-law after marriage. B) A married man moves in with his bride's family after marriage. C) A husband cannot inherit any form of wealth from his bride's family. D) Women and men are allowed to take multiple partners in marriage.

B

Problems encountered by the Chinese commune system did NOT include: A) rural food shortages. B) agricultural inefficiencies. C) lack of development of road and drainage systems. D) government demands for increased food production to better feed urban populations.

B

Which area lies in the Ring of Fire? A) Mongolia B) Japan C) Eastern China D) North and South Korea

B

Which factor has NOT been a force supporting democratization in China today? A) the Internet B) the National Democratic Wing within the Communist Party C) the population becoming more prosperous, educated, and widely traveled D) organized protests

B

Which factor was NOT a negative effect of Mao's leadership? A) famine. B) Japanese cultural domination of China. C) soil degradation. D) policies that discriminated against intellectuals.

B

Which reason explains why China's interior growth poles are experiencing faster growth rates than coastal cities? A) sea-level rise B) investment in transportation systems C) pollution in coastal areas D) longer commutes in coastal areas

B

Which statement about China's fishing industry is NOT accurate? A) Protein from fish is an important element of the Chinese diet. B) Most of the fish consumed in China is wild rather than farmed. C) China is the largest fish producer in the world. D) China is the largest fish consumer in the world.

B

Which statement is NOT true of information technology and political freedom in China? A) The expanding use of electronic communication devices is loosening central control over information. B) Still, only about one-third of China's population has Internet access. C) As economic development and communication infrastructure spread, it is likely that the digital divide will diminish as well. D) Postings on social media are constantly screened by the government

B

China's involvement in the Opium Wars was an effort to prevent traders from what European country from exchanging opium for Chinese goods?

Britain

The earliest civilizations in China can be characterized as: A) democratic. B) republican. C) feudal. D) global.

C

Which reason has NOT been suggested as an explanation for the shortage of women in East Asia? A) Girls are given up for adoption much more than boys are. B) Births of girls may not be reported, and thus do not show up in official figures or estimates. C) High levels of pollution in East Asian cities stimulate growth of the Y chromosome, which leads to higher numbers of male births. D) Some parents choose to abort a female fetus.

C

Which statement BEST summarizes Japanese culture's attitude toward immigrants into Japan? A) Immigrants are welcomed with open arms. B) Immigrants are seen as a necessary evil but are nonetheless accepted by society. C) Immigrants are unwanted and discriminated against. D) Immigration into Japan is prohibited by law.

C

Which statement describes a result of modern regional specialization policies in China? A) Old state-run industries and enterprises have prospered. B) Export-oriented manufacturing has increased in China's far northeast and remote interior areas. C) Advanced service production has increased in coastal urban areas. D) Shanghai has re-emerged as a center of agriculture.

C

Which statement is NOT an effect of the one-child-per-family policy in China? A) A large elderly population must be supported by a relatively small group of working people. B) Kinship categories (such as brother, sister, aunt, uncle) disappear from many families within two generations. C) The population of China is now decreasing. D) China's population will begin to shrink by the mid-twenty-first century.

C

Which statement is NOT true of Hong Kong? A) It was a British possession for more than 150 years. B) It is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. C) It is one of the wealthiest cities in China, but not very wealthy compared to other cities outside of China. D) It has more political freedom than mainland China because of its important role in global trade.

C

Which statement is NOT true of Tibetan culture? A) It is primarily Buddhist. B) It encourages female independence due to the large number of men living a short-term monastic life. C) It prohibits women from riding horses. D) Both men and women among Tibetan nomadic herders were allowed to have more than one spouse

C

Which weather condition occurs during East Asia's winter monsoon? A) Warm moist air sweeps east and south through East Asia. B) Cold moist air blows west and north through East Asia. C) Cold dry air blows east and south through East Asia. D) Warm moist air sweeps west and north through East Asia

C

From 1100 to 1600, the world's most developed region with the largest economy, highest living standards, and most advanced technologies was:

China

MOST of South Korea's pollution is caused by:

Coal burning /Acid Rain

This is the term for a number of cities located so close to each other that they have grown together over time to form one large urban area.

Conurbution

China's one-child policy is NOT enforced (or has not been enforced) through: A) rewards for complying with the policy. B) monetary penalties for not complying with the policy. C) forced sterilization and abortion. D) government-sponsored infanticide of twins.

D

Which factor did NOT contribute to Japan's large-scale economic growth after World War II? A) government support of export-based industries B) trade agreements with the United States and Europe C) popular sentiment for a self-sufficient economy D) government deals with labor unions that guaranteed lifetime employment at relatively low pay

D

Which factor is NOT an explanation for the low rate of natural increase in China? A) the one-child policy B) urbanization C) changing gender roles D) Confucianism

D

Which landscape provides the MOST accurate representation of East Asia's landforms? A) a raised platform with narrow coastlines B) a broad bowl with coastal uplands C) an incline rising from west to east D) a series of steps descending from west to east

D

Which statement is NOT true of the hukou system in China? A) Its original objective was to maintain social order. B) The system is currently being reformed so migrants can move to any city they want. C) The government only weakly enforced the hukou system for decades. D) The reforms to the hukou system will encourage more migration to cities.

D

Japan's imperial ambitions ended with its defeat in which major world event?

Defeat in World War II

This is the term used for the de facto border between North and South Korea.

Demilitarized zone

Name the two contrasting climate zones that dominate in East Asia

Dry interior west and the wet (monsoon) east

The Han heartland is in _____ China and most of China's Muslims live in _____ China

Eastern; Northwest

The economic development plan that relies heavily on the production of goods for sale abroad is called _____.

Export-led growth

The capacity of the people in a geographic area to consistently provide themselves with adequate food is known as _____.

Food security

Which Mongolian leader (and his descendants) was able to conquer and rule all of China?

Genghis Khan

Two of China's largest rivers, the Chang Jiang and Huang He, are fed by water body of water?

Glaciers on Plateau of Tibet

Internet censorship in China, informally called the _____, has been aided by global technology firms that have been accused of blacking out access to certain websites in China

Great Firewall

With which group do more than nine out of ten people in China identify themselves?

Han

What are the most dramatic results of the collision between the Eurasian tectonic plate and the Indian subcontinent?

Himalayas

Which city is China's financial hub on the southeastern coast?

Hong Kong

The culturally distinct Muslim group within China that have a long tradition of commercial activity and who are now active in the new free market economies of southeastern China are the:

Hui

What is the name of the system in China whereby households are required to be registered in order to receive rights to housing, schools, and health care?

Hukuo System

In China, how does one become part of the so-called floating population?

Ignore the Hukuo System

For much of the twentieth century, East Asia was dominated economically and politically by what country?

Japan

What country took advantage of the disruption caused by the power struggle between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, taking over Northeast China and later invading farther into China?

Japan

Which East Asian country has been criticized for overfishing and for consuming endangered fish species?

Japan

What is the name of the highly efficient manufacturing system initiated in Japan that has encouraged Japanese firms to locate the assembly of components and finished goods in a single area?

Just-in-time system

Which two East Asian countries have wet climates year-round because of their proximity to the sea?

Korea and Japan

In 1924, China was united by what group of peoples?

Kuomintang

The group that took power in Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century, and set the country on a path to modernization and industrial development, were known as the:

Meiji

What two countries in East Asia are still averaging two or more children per woman?

Mongolia and North Korea

In recent years, the country in the region that has remained communist and very isolated is:

North Korea

Which East Asian country does NOT belong to the United Nations and thus does NOT submit national data for the computation of GDP and the HDI?

North Korea

Which country in this region has NOT established a state-aided market economy?

North Korea

Hong Kong became a British possession as a result of what major event?

Opium Wars

- This is the term for Chinese emigrants and their descendants, especially those in Southeast Asia.

Overseas Chinese

Name one of the several prosperous innovations that resulted in the success of China's urban industrial populations as early as the eleventh century

Paper, Printing, Gunpowder, and Improved shipbuilding

Name the three large river basins that are especially prominent in China's eastern region.

Pearl River, Chang Jiang, and Huang He

What is the name of the method for transliterating Chinese words into English (a spelling system based on Chinese sounds)?

Pinyin

What is the term for the empire of the North China Plain that was the first to unify the feudal kingdoms in what is now called China?

Qin Empire

Until fairly recently, the Uygur people of Xinjiang expressed their resistance to Han dominance mostly by taking what action?

Reinvigorating their Islamic Culture

What term refers to the system in China in which agricultural decision making was returned to the household unit?

Responsibility system.

The most important grain in East Asia is _____.

Rice

What major vegetation type is typically found in the far western region of East Asia?

Rice

What was the name of the Japanese wealthy feudal lords who unified the country under a military bureaucracy?

Shoguns

During its communist period, Mongolia was under the influence of _____.

Soviets

A _____ is an economic system in which market forces determine many economic decisions, but the government intervenes strategically in certain sectors

State - aided market economies

In the post-World War II period, which East Asian country did NOT become a centrally planned communist state?

Taiwan

Which country has operated as an independent country since World War II, but is claimed by China as a province?

Taiwan

International law, based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, stipulates that waters extending 12 nautical miles out from a country's shoreline are its _____.

Territorial Waters

What Chinese dam is the largest in the world?

The Three Gorges Dam

In what place did pro-democracy protests take place in China in 1989?

Tiananmen Square

The term used in East Asia for a tropical cyclone is _____.

Typhoons

What country was responsible for the establishment of the North Korean regime?

United States

Name the three Muslim groups who live in far western China

Uygurs, Kazakhs, and Hui

The term loess means:

Wind-deposited soil.

In China, the region of Tibet is referred to as _____.

Xizang

The Chinese explorer who traveled across the Indian Ocean and down the eastern coast of Africa was _____.

Zheng He